Figure 3

Group differences in frontal cortical brain volumes (uncorrected results). Blue and green shading indicates regions where the PCE group showed decreased volumes compared to controls (P <0.05) after controlling for prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana as well as sex, total brain volume, and drug use by participants. Red shading indicates regions where the PCE group showed trends for increased volumes compared to controls (P <0.10), using the same covariates. Thicker black contours delineate all of the frontal regions of interest that were examined in these analyses.