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Table 5 Results according to the General Estimated Equation (GEE) model concerning the associations between Motor problems and Perception problems and scores of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Conduct Disorder (CD)

From: Motor function and perception in children with neuropsychiatric and conduct problems: results from a population based twin study

BOYS

Motor problems

Perception problems

Variable

Crude measures

Univariable model

Multivariable modela

Univariable model

Multivariable model

 

N

Min to Max

Mean

SD.

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

ADHD

8,643

0 to 19

2.34

3.32

1.22d

1.20 to 1.24

1.12d

1.09 to 1.15

1.38d

1.34 to 1.42

1.12d

1.06 to 1.18

0.20d

0.18 to 0.22

0.11d

0.09 to 0.14

0.32d

0.30 to 0.35

0.11d

0.06 to 0.16

ASD

8,643

0 to 17

0.91

1.71

1.53d

1.46 to 1.60

1.38d

1.30 to 1.46

1.92d

1.81 to 2.04

1.74d

1.60 to 1.89

0.42d

0.38 to 0.47

0.32d

0.26 to 0.38

0.65d

0.59 to 0.71

0.55d

0.47 to 0.64

CD

8,643

0 to 5

0.11

0.38

1.86d

1.62 to 2.14

0.66d

0.54 to 0.80

3.12d

2.50 to 3.90

0.84

0.63 to 1.14

0.62d

0.48 to 0.76

-0.42d

-0.61 to -0.23

1.14d

0.92 to 1.36

-0.17

-0.47 to 0.13

GIRLS

Motor problems

Perception problems

ADHD

8,310

0 to 19

1.45

2.51

1.26d

1.23 to 1.29

1.15d

1.10 to 1.19

1.43d

1.37 to 1.49

1.22d

1.13 to 1.32

0.23d

0.21 to 0.26

0.14d

0.10 to 0.18

0.36d

0.32 to 0.40

0.20d

0.12 to 0.28

ASD

8,310

0 to 14.5

0.55

1.14

1.70d

1.60 to 1.82

1.48d

1.36 to 1.62

2.00d

1.82 to 2.20

1.62d

1.42 to 1.86

0.53d

0.47 to 0.60

0.40d

0.31 to 0.48

0.69d

0.60 to 0.79

0.49d

0.35 to 0.62

CD

8,310

0 to 4.5

0.06

0.28

2.22d

1.80 to 2.72

0.60c

0.45 to 0.81

3.70d

2.79 to 4.90

0.69

0.42 to 1.13

     

0.80d

0.59 to 1.00

-0.50c

-0.80 to -0.21

1.31d

1.03 to 1.59

-0.38

-0.87 to 0.12

  1. aMultivariable models are controlled for age which in univariable models was not significantly associated with the dependent variables.
  2. B coefficients and odds ratios (OR) for the univariable model and adjusted B coefficients and odds ratios for the multivariable model with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown.
  3. b0.01 ≤ P < 0.05; c0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; dP < 0.001.
  4. ADHD = Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder; CD = Conduct Disorder.