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Table 6 Results according to the General Estimated Equation (GEE) model concerning the associations between motor problems and perception problems and scores of Conduct Disorder (CD) and of the subdomains of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

From: Motor function and perception in children with neuropsychiatric and conduct problems: results from a population based twin study

BOYS

Motor problems

Perception problems

Variable

Crude measures

Univariable model

Multivariable model

Univariable model

Multivariable model

 

N

Min to Max

Mean

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

    

SD

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

B

95% CI

Concentration and Attention

8,631

0 to 9

1.24

1.89

1.47d

1.43 to 1.52

1.33d

1.27 to 1.39

1.82d

1.73 to 1.92

1.30d

1.18 to 1.43

     

0.39d

0.36 to 0.42

0.28d

0.24 to 0.33

0.60d

0.55 to 0.65

0.26d

0.16 to 0.36

Impulsiveness and Activity

8,631

0 to 10

1.09

1.79

1.30d

1.27 to 1.35

0.93b

0.88 to 0.98

1.63d

1.55 to 1.71

0.97

0.88 to 1.08

     

0.27d

0.78 to 0.95

-0.07b

-0.12 to 0.02

0.49d

0.44 to 0.53

-0.03

-0.13 to 0.08

Flexibility

8,631

0 to 5

0.31

0.67

2.38d

2.19 to 2.60

1.34d

1.18 to 1.53

4.85d

4.23 to 5.56

2.33d

1.92 to 2.83

     

0.87d

0.78 to 0.95

0.30d

0.17 to 0.43

1.58d

1.44 to 1.72

0.84d

0.65 to 1.04

Social Interaction

8,631

0 to 6

0.31

0.67

2.35d

2.14 to 2.58

1.18b

1.01 to 1.37

3.99d

3.50 to 4.56

1.42c

1.15 to 1.75

     

0.85d

0.76 to 0.95

0.16b

0.01 to 0.31

1.39d

1.25 to 1.52

0.35c

0.14 to 0.56

Language

8,631

0 to 6

0.29

0.66

2.68d

2.44 to 2.95

1.63d

1.44 to 1.84

3.98d

3.49 to 4.53

1.49d

1.23 to 1.81

     

0.99d

0.89 to 1.08

0.49d

0.36 to 0.61

1.38d

1.25 to 1.51

0.40d

0.21 to 0.60

CD

8,631

0 to 5

0.11

0.38

1.86d

1.62 to 2.15

0.77b

0.64 to 0.94

3.16d

2.53 to 3.94

0.94

0.70 to 1.26

     

0.62d

0.48 to 0.76

-0.26b

-0.45 to -0.06

1.15d

0.93 to 1.37

-0.06

-0.36 to 0.23

GIRLS

Motor problems

Perception problems

Concentration and Attention

8,296

0 to 9

0.73

1.43

1.54d

1.47 to 1.60

1.38d

1.29 to 1.47

1.97d

1.82 to 2.12

1.57d

1.38 to 1.77

     

0.43d

0.38 to 0.47

0.32d

0.25 to 0.38

0.68

0.60 to 0.75

0.45

0.33 to 0.57

Impulsiveness and Activity

8,296

0 to 10

0.71

1.40

1.36d

1.30 to 1.42

0.95

0.88 to 1.03

1.68d

1.56 to 1.80

0.96

0.82 to 1.12

     

0.31d

0.26 to 0.35

-0.05

-0.13 to 0.03

0.52

0.45 to 0.59

-0.04

-0.20 to 0.11

Flexibility

8,296

0 to 5

0.16

0.45

2.99d

2.62 to 3.42

1.79d

1.50 to 2.15

4.70d

3.87 to 5.70

1.78d

1.33 to 2.37

     

1.10d

0.96 to 1.23

0.58d

0.40 to 0.77

1.55

1.35 to 1.74

0.58

0.29 to 0.86

Social Interaction

8,296

0 to 5.5

0.20

0.50

2.59d

2.28 to 2.93

1.17

0.95 to 1.44

4.30d

3.62 to 5.10

1.54c

1.11 to 2.14

     

0.95

0.83 to 1.08

0.16

-0.06 to 0.37

1.46

1.29 to 1.63

0.43

0.11 to 0.76

Language

8296

0 to 5

0.18

0.46

2.88d

2.52 to 3.30

1.54d

1.29 to 1.83

4.22d

3.42 to 5.21

1.49b

1.06 to 2.09

     

1.06d

0.92 to 1.19

0.43d

0.26 to 0.60

1.44

1.23 to 1.65

0.40

0.06 to 0.74

CD

8296

0 to 4.5

0.06

0.28

2.19d

1.78 to 2.69

0.65c

0.48 to 0.87

3.68d

2.77 to 4.89

0.74

0.44 to 1.22

     

0.78d

0.58 to 0.99

-0.43c

-0.73 to -0.14

1.30

1.02 to 1.59

-0.31

-0.81 to 0.20

  1. aMultivariable models are controlled for age which in univariable models was not significantly associated with the dependent variables.
  2. B coefficients and ORs for the univariable model and adjusted B coefficients and ORs for the multivariable model with their 95% CI are shown.
  3. b0.01 ≤ P < 0.05; c0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; dP < 0.001.
  4. CD = Conduct Disorder.