From: Sex bias in autism spectrum disorder in neurofibromatosis type 1
Males (n = 54) | Females (n = 42) | t test | P value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | ||||
ADI-R: reciprocal social interaction (A) | ||||
Failure to use non-verbal behaviours to regulate social interaction (A1) | 3.61 (1.74) | 1.74 (1.45) | 4.98 | <0.001 |
Failure to develop peer relationships (A2) | 5.19 (2.53) | 3.57 (2.56) | 3.08 | 0.003 |
Lack of shared enjoyment (A3) | 3.30 (1.75) | 1.71 (1.67) | 4.47 | <0.001 |
Lack of socio-emotional reciprocity (A4) | 4.63 (2.26) | 2.76 (2.09) | 4.15 | <0.001 |
ADI-R: communication (B) | ||||
Lack/delay in spoken language and failure to compensate through gestures (B1) | 2.85 (2.56) | 1.57 (2.11) | 2.62 | 0.01 |
Lack of varied make-believe play (B4) | 3.96 (2.06) | 2.06 (2.28) | 2.92 | 0.004 |
Relative failure to initiate/sustain conversational interchange (B2) | 2.83 (1.40) | 1.45 (1.23) | 5.05 | <0.001 |
Stereotyped, repetitive or idiosyncratic speech (B3) | 3.33 (1.49) | 2.10 (1.96) | 3.51 | 0.001 |
ADI-R: restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour (C) | ||||
Encompassing preoccupation or circumscribed pattern of interest (C1) | 1.57 (1.34) | 0.66 (0.96) | 3.70 | <0.001 |
Apparently compulsive adherence to non-functional routines or rituals (C2) | 1.44 (1.29) | 1.19 (1.42) | 0.91 | 0.364 |
Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (C3) | 0.57 (0.82) | 0.52 (0.80) | 0.30 | 0.764 |
Preoccupation with parts of objects or non-functional elements of material (C4) | 1.20 (0.88) | 0.74 (0.73) | 2.77 | 0.007 |
ADOS-SA total | 8.11 (4.42) | 4.52 (4.03) | 4.10 | <0.001 |
ADOS-RRB total | 1.41 (1.54) | 0.69 (1.33) | 2.40 | 0.018 |
ADOS overall total (SA + RRB) | 9.48 (5.28) | 5.50 (4.46) | 3.92 | <0.001 |
Conners-inattentiona | 67.97 (13.64) | 68.03 (14.41) | −0.02 | 0.981 |
Conners-hyperactivitya | 67.19 (15.53) | 66.82 (16.64) | 0.14 | 0.890 |
SRS T scores | 72.17 (16.09) | 67.00 (15.81) | 2.25 | 0.025 |
Verbal IQ | 89.98 (14.19) | 95.38 (16.36) | −1.67 | 0.099 |