No difference in extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid volumes across neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in later childhood and adolescence

Table 1 Demographics

	Autism, N = 85		Other diagnosis, N = 301		No diagnosis, N = 60		Group comparison^a
	Mean (SD)	Range	Mean (SD)	Range	Mean (SD)	Range	χ² or F	p
Biological sex^b (male/female)	67 M	18 F	179 M	122 F	35 M	25 F	11.3	< .05
Age (years)	9.98 (3.64)	5.25–21.48	10.48 (3.21)	5.04–20.29	9.46 (3.31)	5.02–19.49	2.76	.06
Full-scale IQ^c	97.15 (21.78)	51–147	98.66 (15.79)	59–143	112.18 (13.25)	85–145	13.64	< .001
Social Responsiveness Scale total (raw)^d	80.27 (27.42)	18–147	50.29 (28.07)	3–146	28.06 (16.6)	4–97	63.87	< .001
Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children total (raw)^e	41.48 (10.99)	27–82	42.03 (10.93)	26–84	36.68 (7.07)	26–59	4.82	< .01

^aGroup comparisons were initially conducted on each demographic variable using a chi-squared test (biological sex only) or a one-way ANOVA. ^bPost hoc chi-squared tests indicated significant group differences in biological sex between the Autism and No Diagnosis groups (χ² = 6.13, p = .01) and between the Autism and Other Diagnosis groups (χ² = 9.92, p < .01). ^cFull-scale IQ (WISC): Autism N = 68, Other Diagnosis N = 256, No Diagnosis N = 45. Post hoc, Bonferroni-adjusted t-tests indicated significant group differences in full-scale IQ between the Autism and No Diagnosis groups (p < .001) as well as the Other Diagnosis and No Diagnosis groups (p < .001). ^dSocial Responsiveness Scale: Autism N = 77, Other Diagnosis N = 286, No Diagnosis N = 52. Post hoc, Bonferroni-adjusted t-tests indicated significant group differences in the Social Responsiveness Scale total score between all groups (p < .001). ^eSleep Disturbance Scale: Autism N = 69, Other Diagnosis N = 254, No Diagnosis N = 44. Post hoc, Bonferroni-adjusted t-tests indicated a significant group difference in the Sleep Disturbance Scale total score between the Other Diagnosis and No Diagnosis groups (p < .01)

ISSN: 1866-1955