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Table 5 Performance and reaction time compared between the 1-back and 2-back conditions of the working memory task for each study group

From: Functional magnetic resonance imaging outcomes from a comprehensive magnetic resonance study of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Response

Group

1. FAS/PFAS

2. SE/AE

3. ND/AE

4. Control

N = 13

N = 18

N = 16

N = 13

Condition

Condition

Condition

Condition

2-back versus 1-backa

2-back versus 1-backa

2-back versus 1-backa

2-back versus 1-backa

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 12)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 17)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 15)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p)(df 1, 12)

True-positive

−2.7 (1.9)

25.9 (0.000)

−2.9 (2.7)

20.9 (0.000)

−1.3 (1.9)

7.7 (0.014)

−0.2 (0.9)

.04 (0.55)

True-negative

−1.2 (3.0)

2.0 (0.18)

−0.4 (1.3)

1.5 (,23)

−1.0 (0.8)

24 (0.000)

−0.4 (1.3)

1.2 (0.29)

False-positive

1.3 (3.0)

2.4 (0.15)

0.4 (1.3)

1.5 (0.23)

1.0 (0.8)

24 (0.000)

0.2 (0.9)

1.2 (0.29)

False-negative

2.5 (1.8)

26.8 (0.000)

2.9 (2.7)

20.9 (0.000)

1.3 (1.9)

7.7 (0.014)

0.4 (1.3)

0.4 (0.55)

Reaction time (ms)

57.8 (142.8)

3.0 (0.11)

167.4 (114.4)

38.5 (0.000)

81.1 (97.2)

11.1 (0.004)

73.3 (98.8)

7.2 (0.02)

  1. Among subjects with ≥65% correct true-positive and true-negative responses
  2. df degrees of freedom, F F statistic for the repeated measure ANOVA contrast comparing the 1-back condition to the 2-back condition, p two-tailed p-value, ms milliseconds, SD standard deviation, T paired t-test statistic.
  3. aMean and SD of the difference in response or reaction time in the 2-back activation condition minus the response or reaction time in the 1-back activation condition (e.g., subjects in the FAS/PFAS group had on average 2.7 fewer true-positive responses during the activation condition for the more difficult 2-back task, than during the activation task for the less difficult 1-back task)