Skip to main content

Table 8 Increase in brain activation (using the activation measure: mean percent of voxels with activity z-scores > 3) during more difficult 2-back task compared to 1-back task, across the four study groups

From: Functional magnetic resonance imaging outcomes from a comprehensive magnetic resonance study of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Region

Group

1. FAS/PFAS

2. SE/AE

3. ND/AE

4. Control

N = 12

N = 18

N = 16

N = 13

2-back minus 1-backa

2-back minus 1-backa

2-back minus 1-backa

2-back minus 1-backa

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 11)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 17)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 15)

Mean difference (SD)

F (p) (df 1, 12)

Precentral gyrus

L.

0.018 (0.04)

2.0 (0.19)

0.001 (0.04)

0.2 (0.89)

0.012 (0.02)

5.2 (0.04)

0.002 (0.01)

0.3 (0.60)

R.

0.008 (0.02)

1.6 (0.23)

0.007 (0.04)

0.7 (0.42)

0.009 (0.04)

0.8 (0.40)

0.012 (0.03)

1.9 (0.19)

Anterior cingulate gyrus

L.

0.003 (0.03)

0.2 (0.66)

0.001 (0.03)

0.1 (0.85)

0.022 (0.04)

6.1 (0.03)

0.033 (0.06)

4.0 (0.07)

R.

0.006 (0.03)

0.4 (0.52)

0.018 (0.05)

2.0 (0.18)

0.019 (0.06)

1.8 (0.20)

0.011 (0.06)

0.5 (0.48)

Anterior parietal lobe

L.

0.013 (0.06)

0.7 (0.43)

0.012 (0.04)

1.5 (0.25)

0.035 (0.05)

7.6 (0.02)

0.050 (0.07)

7.6 (0.01)

R.

0.014 (0.05)

0.8 (0.38)

0.014 (0.05)

1.6 (0.23)

0.033 (0.06)

4.4 (0.05)

0.057 (0.06)

11.6 (9.005)

Inferior frontal gyrus

L.

0.030 (0.08)

1.8 (0.22)

0.032 (0.09)

2.2 (0.16)

0.051 (0.07)

9.4 (0.01)

0.047 (0.07)

5.5 (0.04)

R.

0.027 (0.06)

2.3 (0.15)

0.029 (0.07)

2.9 (0.11)

0.034 (0.11)

1.5 (0.25)

0.067 (0.09)

7.5 (0.02)

Posterior parietal lobe

L.

0.016 (0.06)

0.8 (0.39)

0.023 (0.06)

3.1 (0.10)

0.043 (0.07)

5.8 (0.03)

0.057 (0.07)

7.6 (0.02)

R.

0.025 (0.08)

1.3 (0.28)

0.039 (0.08)

4.6 (0.04)

0.054 (0.08)

6.5 (0.02)

0.094 (0.09)

15.0 (0.002)

DLPFC

L.

0.031 (0.08)

1.9 (0.19)

0.035 (0.08)

3.6 (0.08)

0.058 (0.08)

7.8 (0.01)

0.060 (0.07)

9.8 (0.009)

R.

0.025 (0.07)

1.8 (0.21)

0.046 (0.09)

4.1 (0.06)

0.036 (0.12)

1.5 (0.25)

0.090 (0.08)

15.7 (0.002)

Middle frontal gyrus

L.

0.032 (0.08)

2.0 (0.19)

0.037 (0.07)

4.5 (0.04)

0.063 (0.10)

6.3 (0.02)

0.069 (0.08)

10.4 (0.007)

R.

0.024 (0.07)

1.3 (0.28)

0.056 (0.11)

4.4 (0.05)

0.038 (0.14)

1.2 (0.29)

0.081 (0.09)

19.4 (0.001)

  1. Among subjects with ≥65% correct true-positive and true-negative responses
  2. df degrees of freedom, DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, F F statistic for the repeated measure ANOVA contrast comparing activation during 1-back versus 2-back, L. left, p two-tailed p-value, R right, SD standard deviation
  3. aMean and SD of the difference in the activation level between the 1-back and 2-back tasks