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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Fig. 4

From: Reduced conditioned fear response in mice that lack Dlx1 and show subtype-specific loss of interneurons

Fig. 4

Lack of Dlx1 impairs fear conditioning responses in the adult mutant mice. (a) Mean (± SEM) of percent of freezing as a response to the context after fear conditioning (without the light or tone stimulus). In this experiment, one shock after 3-min exposure to the context was administered to elicit the fear response. Baseline freezing before training was zero for all three groups. Dlx1+/+, n = 6; Dlx1+/−, n = 10; Dlx1−/−, n = 10. (b) Mean (± SEM) of percent of freezing as a response to the light cue after trace fear conditioning. In this experiment, the light-pulse-shock procedure was performed three times during the training. Baseline freezing before the light cue (in the novel context) was (or close to) zero for all three groups. Dlx1+/+, n = 6; Dlx1+/−, n = 6; Dlx1−/−, n = 6. (c) Mean (± SEM) of percent of freezing as a response to the tone after trace fear conditioning. One tone-pulse-shock procedure was performed to elicit the fear response. Baseline freezing before the tone (in the novel context) was (or close to) zero for all three groups. Dlx1+/+, n = 6; Dlx1+/, n = 5; Dlx1−/−, n = 10. For all panels, * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01

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