Table 1 Summary of in vivo analyses of morphological changes in mice carrying mutations of ASD-related syndromic disorders compared to Met deletion
From: A new synaptic player leading to autism risk: Met receptor tyrosine kinase
Syndrome/gene | Gene mutation | Developmental time of analyses | Morphological changes on neocortical pyramidal neurons | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Met Receptor | Metfx/fx/Emx1Cre | Post-pubertal (P40) | ∼22% ↑ in ↓ spine volume; 20% in total dendritic tree volume; no change in total dendrite length | (Judson et al. 2010. JCN) |
Fragile X | Fmr-1 null | Adult | No changes in dendrites/spines | |
Fmr-1 null | P7 | ∼15–30% ↑ in immature spine #s; 20–28% ↑ in spine length | (Nimchinsky et al. 2001; Comery et al. 1997; Irwin et al. 2002) | |
Neurofibromatosis-1 | NF-1 null | None | None | None |
AngelmanSydnrome | Maternal Ube3a null | Adult | 30% ↓ in spine density; 10% ↓ in spine length | (Dindot et al. 2007) |
Juvenile (V1 critical period) | 25% ↓ in spine density on basal dendrites in layer 2/3 | (Yashiro et al. 2009) | ||
Juvenile (V1 critical period) | 15% ↓ in spine density on layer 5 basal dendrites but no change in apical density; no change in dendritic branching | (Sato and Stryker 2010) | ||
Rett Syndrome | Mecp2 A140V knock-in | Adult | Segment-restricted 50% ↓ in dendritic branching | (Jentarra et al. 2010) |
Mecp2 Hemizygous | Adult | 25% ↓ in spine number; 40% in dendrite diameter | (Fukuda et al. 2005) | |
Mecp2 Hemizygous | Adult | 20-40% ↓ in dendritic branching; no difference in spine number | (Kishi and Macklis 2010) | |
Tuberous Sclerosis | Tsc1 null | P20 | 15% ↑ in spine head width; 20% ↑ in spine length; 25% ↓ in spine density | (Tavazoie et al. 2005) |