Table 5 Hypothesized similarities and differences in core symptoms and associated features of ASD and PWS
From: Prader–Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: an evolving story
PWS | ASD | |
|---|---|---|
Repetitive behaviors | + | + |
Symmetry/exactness | + | + |
Narrow interests (not food) | ± | ± |
Skin picking | + | Limited data |
Hoarding | + | Limited data |
Need for sameness | + | + |
Verbal perseveration | + | + |
Stereotypies | − | ± |
Self-injury (not skin picking) | − | ± |
Poor peer relations | + | + |
Impaired theory of mind | Limited data | ± |
Poor emotional recognition | Limited data | ± |
Aberrant face processing | Limited data | + |
Problems reading social cues | Limited data | + |
Psychosis | ± | Limited data |
Positive symptoms | ± | Limited data |
Negative symptoms | + | Limited data |
Anxiety disorders | + | + |
Depressive disorders | ± | ± |
Excessive daytime sleepiness | + | − |
Sleep-onset insomnia | − | ± |
Nocturnal awakening | ± | ± |
Obstructive sleep apnea | ± | − |
Obesity | ± | ± |
Hyperphagia | + | − |
Food preoccupations | ± | − |
Limited food selectivity | − | ± |
Eating/food rituals | ± | ± |
Cognitive deficits | + | ± |
Facility w/jigsaw puzzles | ± | Limited data |