Language development after cochlear implantation: an epigenetic model

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 116 young children with congenital hearing loss who received cochlear implants before 5 years of age in the Childhood Development after Cochlear Implantation (CDaCI) study

Baseline factors	With measurable spoken language development at baseline^a (N = 20)		CI activated <18 months of age (N = 34)		CI activated ≥18 months of age (N = 62)
	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	P value
Age at CI activation, years	2.23	1.24	1.15	0.17	2.88	1.03	<0.0001
Length of hearing loss without amplification, years	0.43	0.26	0.34	0.25	1.18	0.71	<0.0001
Length of hearing loss with amplification, years	1.55	1.20	0.57	0.24	1.49	1.22	0.0001
Residual hearing, 4 frequency pure tone average	94.69	14.18	110.66	16.07	107.10	15.10	0.0011
Maternal sensitivity, point	5.54	0.37	5.40	0.79	5.12	0.71	0.032
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P value
Female	14	70.0	14	41.2	37	60.0	0.08
Nonwhite race	2	10.0	4	11.8	20	32.3	0.02
Hispanics	3	15.0	3	8.8	20	32.3	0.02
Family income, less than $50,000 per year	4	20.0	7	20.6	35	56.5	0.0004

^aComprehension or expression standard score from the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (RDLS) ≥70 at baseline

ISSN: 1866-1955