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Table 1 Subject characteristics

From: Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Measure

TD (n = 21)

ARND (n = 22)

ADHD (n = 20)

Significancea

Post-hoc tests

 

Mean

Std Dev

Mean

Std Dev

Mean

Std Dev

  

Age (years)

12.60

1.29

12.21

1.63

11.99

1.32

F = 0.950 P = 0.392

 

Gender (% male)

76.2

 

63.6

 

90

 

χ2 = 4.014 P = 0.134

 

Household Income ($)b

70,842

15,302

52,989

19,690

66,167

27,416

F = 3.965 P = 0.024

TD > ARNDcP = 0.006

Full Scale IQ

107.81

13.08

74.38

11.69

96.55

16.87

F = 30.968 P <0.001

TD > ARNDdP <0.001

ADHD > ARND P <0.001

  1. aP value cutoff = 0.05; bAverage income in the postal code of residence; cGames-Howell test; dTukey’s HSD test. ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ARND, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder; IQ, intelligence quotient: Std Dev, standard deviation; TD, typically developing.