Comparison of spatial working memory in children with prenatal alcohol exposure and those diagnosed with ADHD; A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Table 9 Regions in which the ARND group had greater activation than the ADHD group in the subtractive contrast ( P > 0.0167)

Region	Hemisphere	Gyrus	BA	Talairach Coordinates			Voxel T	Cluster Extent
				X	Y	Z
Frontal	Right	Inferior Frontal	45	50	37	7	2.52	20
		Inferior Frontal	10	46	43	3	2.19
		Middle Frontal	10	38	43	7	2.34	16
		Middle Frontal	9	32	45	36	2.61	40
		Middle Frontal	8	26	39	39	2.47
		Paracentral Lobule	5	6	−38	53	3.37
		Precentral	4	30	−23	51	2.55	27
Sub-lobar	Left	Thalamus		−2	−23	12	2.66	37
		Thalamus		−4	−22	20	2.32
	Right	Claustrum		38	−22	−4	2.43	15
		Insula	13	30	−32	22	2.41	20
		Thalamus		16	−35	5	2.51	16
Limbic	Left	Cingulate	31	−16	−44	22	2.32	15
		Posterior Cingulate	30	−10	−62	12	3.49	460
		Posterior Cingulate	29	−8	−38	17	2.58	15
		Posterior Cingulate	23	−10	−28	24	2.48
		Posterior Cingulate	23	−2	−34	24	2.40	46
	Right	Cingulate	24	4	15	27	2.66	27
		Cingulate	31	12	−38	26	2.33	15
		Parahippocampal	30	16	−45	1	2.60	20
Parietal	Left	Postcentral	40	−61	−24	21	2.51
		Precuneus	7	−12	−66	48	3.42
		Precuneus	19	−32	−80	37	2.37	14
	Right	Inferior Parietal Lobule	40	63	−30	24	3.72	712
		Postcentral	40	65	−20	21	3.61
		Postcentral	3	20	−28	62	2.99	43
		Precuneus	7	16	−73	48	3.49	3,072
Occipital	Left	Cuneus	18	−12	−71	16	2.61
		Cuneus	19	−14	−82	37	2.40	16
		Lingual	18	−8	−58	5	3.06
	Right	Middle Occipital	19	42	−81	10	2.58	19
Temporal	Left	Fusiform	20	−30	−36	−15	2.60	55
		Superior Temporal	42	−61	−32	18	2.66	41
	Right	Fusiform	37	40	−47	−9	2.92	26
		Fusiform	20	30	−40	−15	2.80	20
		Middle Temporal	21	59	−47	1	2.61	19
		Middle Temporal	37	46	−56	5	2.40	49
		Superior Temporal	41	50	−30	13	3.07
Cerebellum	Left	Culmen		−20	−32	−14	2.48

ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ARND, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder.

ISSN: 1866-1955