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Table 3 Scores on measures at 18 to 20 months in relation to outcome at 4 years

From: Parental phonological memory contributes to prediction of outcome of late talkers from 20 months to 4 years: a longitudinal study of precursors of specific language impairment

Measures at 18 to 20 months

Status at 4 years old, mean ± SD

Cohen db

 

TD a , n = 60

SLI, n = 15

 

OCDI z-scores

   

   Production

-0.40 ± 0.73

-0.84 ± 1.06

0.56

   Comprehension

-0.12 ± 1.18

-0.45 ± 0.84

0.30

   VABS, scaled scoresc

   

   Communication

101.13 ± 9.7

94.27 ± 9.32

0.72

   Daily living

103.07 ± 8.3

98.53 ± 11.24

0.51

   Social

95.28 ± 4.96

94.07 ± 4.04

0.26

   Motor

98.88 ± 8.35

97.67 ± 4.24

0.16

MSEL t-scoresd

   

   Expressive language

48.08 ± 11.16

41.13 ± 8.52

0.66

   Receptive language

59.42 ± 10.31

50.00 ± 14.35

0.85

   Visual reception

56.07 ± 10.65

48.93 ± 10.12

0.69

   Motor

49.22 ± 8.02

45.6 ± 9.16

0.44

  1. aAbbreviations; MSEL, Mullen Scales of Early Learning; OCDI, Oxford Communicative Development Inventory; SLI, specific language impairment; TD, typical development; VABS, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale.
  2. bFor individual two-tailed t-test, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, effect size of 0.57 was significant at P = 0.05 level and effect size of 0.83 was significant at P = 0.005.
  3. cAge scaled score based on mean ± SD of 100 ± 15.
  4. dThe t-score is based on mean ± SD of 50 ± 10.
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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ISSN: 1866-1955

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