Table 2 Functional connectivity MRI studies on working memory in high-functioning adolescents with ASD
Study | Mean age in years (SD) | Participant groups | General IQ (SD) | Working memory task (Are there differences in task performance?) | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activation in ASD | Connectivity in ASD | |||||
Silk et al. (2006) [69] | 14.7 (2.9) | (n = 7) Autism, AS | 114 (16.9) | Mental rotation task (accuracy: N; response time: N) | ↓ Anterior cingulate, ↓ DLPFC, ↓ caudate nucleus, ↓ premotor cortex, = posterior parietal cortex | ↓ Fronto-striatal |
15.0 (1.8) | (n = 9) TYP | |||||
Koshino et al. (2008) [72] | 24.5 (10.2) | (n = 11) HFA | 104.5 (13.1) | n-back (load = 0, 1, 2) (accuracy: N; response time: N) | ↓ Inferior left prefrontal region; No activation: right posterior temporal region; Shifted activation: fusiform face area | ↓ Frontal-parietal |
28.7 (10.9) | (n = 11) TYP | 108.6 (9.1) | ||||
Solomon et al. (2009) [71] | 15.2 (1.7) | (n = 22) HFA, AS | 107 (14) | POP task (accuracy low trials: N; accuracy high trials: Y; response time: N) | Low control trials: =; High control trials: ↓ anterior frontal region, ↓ parietal region, ↓ occipital region | ↓ Frontal-parietal |
| Â | 16.0 (2.0) | (n = 23) TYP | 113 (11) | Â | Â | Â |