Table 2 Sensory and/or motor irregularities appear across disorders ^a

Autism

Sensory

Sensory

Adamson et al., 2006; Adrien et al., 1987; Baranek, 1999; Baranek et al., 2007; Baranek et al., 2006; Baranek et al., 2013; Ben-Sasson et al., 2007; Blakemore et al., 2006; Blanche et al., 2012; Cascio et al., 2008; Cheung and Siu, 2009; Crane et al., 2009; Dickie et al., 2009; Dunn et al., 2002; Hilton et al., 2010; Hochhauser and Engel-Yeger, 2010; Kern et al., 2008; Kern et al., 2007a; Kern et al., 2007b; Kern et al., 2006; Kern et al., 2007c; Khalfa et al., 2004; Kientz and Dunn, 1997; Kwakye et al., 2011; Leekam et al., 2007; O’Brien et al., 2009; Reynolds et al., 2011; Reynolds et al., 2012; Rogers et al., 2003; Siaperas et al., 2012b; Tavassoli and Baron-Cohen, 2012b; Tomchek and Dunn, 2007; Watling et al., 2001; Weimer et al., 2001; Woodard et al., 2012 [7–41]

Fuentes et al., 2011; Güçlü et al., 2007; Jones et al., 2009; Tavassoli and Baron-Cohen, 2012 [42–45]

Motor

Motor

Dewrang and Sandberg, 2010; Esposito and Venuti, 2008; Freitag et al., 2007; Gernsbacher et al., 2008; Hilton et al., 2007; Hilton et al., 2012; Lopata et al., 2007; Pan et al., 2009; Papadopoulos et al., 2012; Sahlander et al., 2008; Siaperas et al., 2012; Travers et al., 2013; Whyatt and Craig, 2012 [34, 46–57]

Ozonoff et al., 2008 [58]

NSS

De Jong et al., 2011; Jansiewicz et al., 2006; Jones and Prior, 1985; Tani et al., 2006 [59–62]

Language disorders

Sensory

Taal et al., 2013 [63]

Motor

Chuang et al., 2011; Finlay and McPhillips, 2013; Müürsepp et al., 2009; Owen and McKinlay, 1997; Zelaznik and Goffman, 2010 [64–68]

Dyslexia

Sensory

Sensory

(Auditory visual processing deficits)

Fraser et al., 2010; Georgiou et al., 2012; Heiervang et al., 2002; White et al., 2006; Wright and Conlon, 2009 [69–73]

Polatajko, 1985; White et al., 2006 [74, 75]

(Balance and tactile)

Brookes et al., 2010; Cinelli and DePaepe, 1984; Getchell et al., 2007; Kinnealey, 1989; Needle et al., 2006; Nicolson and Fawcett, 1994 [76–81]

(Balance and tactile)

Bruininks and Bruininks, 1977; Cermak et al., 1990; Durand, 2005; Getchell et al., 2007; Haslum and Miles, 2007; Maloy and Sattler, 1979; McPhillips and Sheehy, 2004; Pieters et al., 2012; Trauner et al., 2000; Vuijk et al., 2011; Westendorp et al., 2011 [80, 82–91]

ADHD

Sensory

Sensory

Bröring et al., 2008; Cheung and Siu, 2009; Dunn and Bennett, 2002; Engel-Yeger and Ziv-On, 2011; Lufi and Tzischinsky, 2012; Miller et al., 2012; Romanos et al., 2008 [40, 92–97]

Gomez and Condon, 1999; Schlee et al., 2012 [98, 99]

Motor

Motor

Flapper et al., 2006; Chan et al., 2010; Fliers et al., 2009; Fliers et al., 2010; Goulardins et al., 2013; Harvey et al., 2007; Karatekin et al., 2003; Klimkeit et al., 2004; Klotz et al., 2012; Meyer and Sagvolden, 2006; Okuda et al., 2011; Pan et al., 2009; Piek et al., 1999; Rommelse et al., 2007; Slaats-Willemse et al., 2005 [47, 100–113]

Kooistra et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2013; Polderman et al., 2011 [114–116]

NSS

Chan et al., 2010; Dickstein et al., 2005; Ferrin and Vance, 2012 [102, 117, 118]

Anxiety

Motor

Motor

Ekornås et al., 2010; Kristensen and Torgersen, 2007; Skirbekk et al., 2012 [119–121]

Jacob et al., 2009 [122]

Sensory

Erez et al., 2004; Farrow and Coulthard, 2012; Hofmann and Bitran, 2007 [123–125]

NSS

Hollander et al., 1996 [126]

Posttraumatic stress disorder

NSS

NSS

Gurvits et al., 2000; Gurvits et al., 1993; Gurvits et al., 2006 [127–129]

Gurvits et al., 2002 [130]

Depression

Motor

NSS

Günther et al., 1988; Lohr et al., 2013; Schwartz et al., 1990 [131–133]

Zhao et al., 2013 [134]

NSS

Boks et al., 2004; Manschreck and Ames, 1984 [135, 136]

Bipolar affective disorders

Motor

Sensory

Dickstein et al., 2005; Lohr and Caligiuri, 2006 [117, 137]

Swiecicki et al., 2009 [138]

NSS

Negash et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2013 [134, 139]

Borderline personality disorder

Sensory

Sensory

Brown et al., 2009; Rosenthal et al., 2011 [140, 141]

Pavony and Lenzenweger, 2013 [142]

Motor

Swirsky-Sacchetti et al., 1993 [143]

NSS

De la Fuente et al., 2011; De la Fuente et al., 2006; Gardner et al., 1987 [144–146]

Schizophrenia

Sensory

Sensory

Brown et al., 2002; Cheng et al., 2012; Colbert et al., 1959; Emmerich and Levine, 1970; Ghadirian and Butter, 1978; Kent et al., 2012; Kiss et al., 2010; Levine and Whitney, 1970; Myers et al., 1973; Ramage et al., 2012 [147–156]

Levy et al., 1978 [157]

Motor

Motor

Günther et al., 1986; Midorikawa et al., 2008; Sullivan et al., 1994; Tabarés-Seisdedos et al., 2003 [158–161]

Martin et al., 1995 [162]

NSS

Aksoy-Poyraz et al., 2011; Aydemir et al., 2005; Boks et al., 2004; Chan and Chen, 2007; Chen et al., 2000; Compton et al., 2007; Flyckt et al., 1999; Ismail et al., 1998; Jaafari et al., 2011; Le Seac’h et al., 2012; Manschreck and Ames, 1984; Mechri et al., 2009; Mohr et al., 1996; Nucifora and Calandra, 1999; Sevincok et al., 2004; Shibre et al., 2002; Venkatasubramanian et al., 2003; Walker and Green, 1982; Yazici et al., 2002; Zhao et al., 2013 [134–136, 163–179]

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Motor

NSS:

Bloch et al., 2011 [180]

Jaafari et al., 2011 [172]

Sensory

Dar et al., 2012; Rieke and Anderson, 2009; Segalàs et al., 2011 [181–183]

NSS

Bolton et al., 1998; Hollander et al., 1990; Karadag et al., 2011; Mataix-Cols et al., 2003; Peng et al., 2012 [184–188]

Alzheimer disease

Sensory

Gallacher et al., 2012; Kato-Narita et al., 2011; Leandri et al., 2009; Pettersson et al., 2002; Pettersson et al., 2005; Rolland et al., 2009; Suttanon et al., 2012; Waite et al., 2000 [189–196]

Motor

Kluger et al., 1997; Kluger et al., 1997; Oakley et al., 2003; Ott et al., 1995; Pettersson et al., 2005 [193, 197–200]

NSS

Lam et al., 2005; Seidl et al., 2009 [201, 202]

Traumatic brain injury

Sensory

Gagnon et al., 1998; Galvin et al., 2009; Katz-Leurer et al., 2008; Kuhtz-Buschbeck et al., 2003 [203–206]

Motor

Gagnon et al., 1998 [203]

Normal aging

Sensory

Sensory

Cole, 1991; Desrosiers et al., 1996; Fukunaga et al., 2005; Li et al., 2004; Petrosino and Fucci, 1989; Pohl et al., 2003; Ranganathan et al., 2001; Schumm et al., 2009; Shimokata and Kuzuyam, 1995; Stevens, 1992; Stevens and Cruz, 1996; Zhang et al., 2011 [207–218]

Bartoshuk et al., 1986; Elsner, 2001 [219, 220]

Motor

Motor

Ashendorf et al., 2009; Bennett et al., 2012; Kauranen and Vanharanta, 1996; Smith et al., 1999; Vernazza-Martin et al., 2008 [221–225]

Kleinman, 1982; Santos et al., 2007 [226, 227]

NSS

Chan et al., 2011 [228]