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Table 2 Statistical comparisons (one-way ANOVA) of performances of PWS, WS, and TD participants

From: Learning by observation and learning by doing in Prader-Willi syndrome

Cognitive domain

PWS Mean (±SEM)

WS Mean (±SEM)

TD Mean (±SEM)

Group effect F (fd) P η P 2

Post hoc Newman-Keuls’s test

     

P ; Cohen’s d ; r

VMI

13.08 (±0.54)

12.79 (±0.52)

15.14 (±0.28)

F 2, 73 = 8.51

PWS vs. WS

P = 0.0005

P = 0.65; d = 0.11; r = 0.05

η P 2 = 0.19

PWS vs. TD

P = 0.002; d = −0.96; r = −0.43

WS vs. TD

P = 0.001; d = −1.12; r = −0.49

VSS

3.35 (±0.14)

2.63 (±0.19)

3.43 (±0.16)

F 2, 73 = 6.50

PWS vs. WS

P = 0.003

P = 0.004; d = 0.84; r = 0.39

η P 2 = 0.15

PWS vs. TD

P = 0.75; d = −0.09; r = −0.05

WS vs. TD

P = 0.004; d = −0.87; r = −0.40

VOS

2.79 (±0.15)

2.71 (±0.13)

2.89 (±0.13)

F 2, 73 = 0.48

 

P = 0.62

η P 2 = 0.013

  1. VMI, visuo-motor integration; VSS, visuo-spatial short-term memory; VOS, visuo-object short-term memory.