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Table 4 Means (standard deviations), group comparisons, and associations with degree of language impairment in ASD

From: Memory in language-impaired children with and without autism

 

Median

   

Cliff’s Δ

ASD PIQ-CELF CLS discrepancy τ b

Mean (SD)

Assessment

SLI

ALI

ALN

H(2)

p

Post hoc adjusted

SLI < ALI

ALI < ALN

n = 18

n = 22

n = 20

Mann–Whitney testsa

CELF Number Repetition Forwardc

7.0

8.0

10.0

19.36

<.001

[SLI = ALI] < ALN

.21

.65

−.53**

6.83 (1.95)

7.36 (2.26)

10.50 (3.14)

      

NEPSY Narrative Memoryc

6.0

3.5

10.0

22.77

<.001

ALI < SLI < ALN

−.39

.77

−.53**

5.89 (2.59)

4.05 (2.98)

9.40 (3.19)

      

CELF Number Repetition Backwardc

7.5

7.5

12.0

16.54

<.001

[SLI = ALI] < ALN

.04

.61

−.42*

7.33 (3.18)

7.64 (3.54)

11.55 (2.93)

      

Codingc

8.0

8.0

7.5

0.01

.99

   

.00

 

8.28 (3.75)

8.50 (3.43)

8.25 (3.02)

      

Symbol searchc

7.5

8.0

8.0

1.99

.37

   

−.01

 

6.83 (3.24)

8.09 (2.37)

8.05 (2.67)

      

WRAML-II Picture Memoryc

11.5

9.5

8.0

5.31

.07

   

.09

10.56 (3.48)

9.14 (4.95)

7.75 (3.24)

     

WRAML-II Finger Windowsc

11.0

10.0

11.0

1.83

.40

   

.18

9.89 (2.65)

9.77 (2.58)

10.95 (3.32)

      
  1. CELF Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, NEPSY a developmental NEuroPSYchological assessment, WRAML-II Wide-Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2nd Edition
  2. * p < .05; ** p ≤ .001
  3. aIndicated pairwise group differences (< or >) based on p values adjusted using the False Discovery Rate method (q < .05) [63]
  4. bFor both ASD groups combined (ALI + ALN), Kendall’s tau between the degree of language impairment (measured by PIQ-CELF Core Language Score discrepancy score) and the assessment score is reported: negative values indicate that more severe relative language impairments are associated with poorer performance on that assessment
  5. cScaled scores (M = 10, SD = 3)