Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life

Table 3 Adaptive functioning group least square means comparisons at 6, 12, and 24 months

Adaptive functioning	HR-ASD-High (a)		HR-ASD-Mod (b)		HR-Neg (c)		LR-Neg (d)		Overall Group Comparison^a				Post hoc comparisons^b
	(n = 31)		(n = 18)		(n = 161)		(n = 98)		Overall Group Comparison^a
	LSM	SE	LSM	SE	LSM	SE	LSM	SE	df₁	df₂	F	p
6 Month visit
VABS-II ABC	87.8	1.9	91.9	2.5	95.1	0.9	97.4	1.1	3	299	6.6	0.0003	a < d
Social	92.5	2.2	97.3	2.8	99.2	0.9	101.5	1.2	3	299	4.4	0.0045
Communication	92.7	2.6	92.5	3.4	98.1	1.2	98.7	1.5	3	299	2.1	0.0947
Motor	84.3	2.3	91.5	3.0	91.6	1.0	95.5	1.3	3	299	6.1	0.0005	a < d
Daily Living Skills	89.4	2.3	92.7	3.0	95.5	3.0	96.0	1.3	3	299	2.5	0.0622
12 Month visit
VABS-II ABC	87.1	1.8	92.4	2.3	97.5	0.8	101.1	1.0	3	299	17.7	<0.0001	a < (c, d)
Social	89.3	1.8	94.8	2.5	98.8	0.8	100.5	1.0	3	299	10.5	<0.0001
Communication	86.2	2.1	91.8	2.8	99.0	0.9	102.7	1.7	3	299	17.9	<0.0001	a < (c, d)
Motor	94.1	1.9	99.2	2.5	100.7	0.8	103.3	1.0	3	299	6.1	<0.0001	a < d
Daily Living Skills	87.7	1.9	89.5	2.6	94.2	0.8	98.4	1.0	3	299	10.1	<0.0001	a < d
24 Month visit
VABS-II ABC	84.5	1.6	91.0	2.0	101.2	0.7	105.0	0.9	3	299	48.2	<0.0001	(a, b) < (c, d)
Social	83.7	1.7	91.5	2.1	100.6	0.7	103.0	1.0	3	299	38.0	<0.0001	(a, b) < (c, d)
Communication	84.2	1.8	90.8	2.2	101.9	0.8	105.2	1.0	3	299	42.9	<0.0001	(a, b) < (c, d)
Motor	92.9	1.7	95.1	2.1	100.3	0.7	102.8	0.9	3	299	10.9	<0.0001	a < (c, d)
Daily Living Skills	87.6	1.7	93.7	2.1	102.4	0.7	106.6	0.9	3	299	36.7	<0.0001	(a, b) < (c, d)

VABS-II Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, ABC Adaptive Behavior Composite
^aThe Overall Group Comparison serves as an omnibus test comparing the means between the 4 groups to determine whether group means differ based on a mixed model with repeated measures. Model covariates included the difference between the child’s actual age at the visit from the scheduled visit age (6, 12, or 24 months). Other covariates included site and mother’s education. Two-sided at significance level of .05
^bPost hoc comparisons with step-up Bonferroni correction. Two-sided at significance level of .05

ISSN: 1866-1955