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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Fig. 2

From: Limited impact of Cntn4 mutation on autism-related traits in developing and adult C57BL/6J mice

Fig. 2

Restricted repetitive behaviors and sensory-sensitivity screening of adult Cntn4 mice. Restricted and repetitive behavior in the novel object investigation task. a Stereotypic movements as total time spent grooming (owANOVA, F (2,33) = 0.431, p = .653). b Restricted interest as frequency-based percentage preference of exploration of each of the four novel toys (1st preference owANOVA, F (2,33) = 0.446, p = .644; 2nd preference owANOVA, F (2,33) = 1.569, p = .223; 3rd preference owANOVA, F (2,33) = 1.208, p = .312; 4th preference owANOVA, F (2,33) = 0.236, p = .791). c Repetitive toy exploration patterns based on repetitive sequences of three elements (owANOVA, F (2,33) = 0.760, p = .476) and four elements (owANOVA, F (2,33) = 0.227, p = .798) (n = 12 per genotype). d Reversal learning during the set-shifting reversal-learning task. X-axis represents the different sub-tasks. Y-axis represents the total number of trials that were needed to reach the criterion of 8 correct digs in 10 consecutive trials (n = 9–11 per genotype). e–f Spatial learning and reversal learning during the Barnes maze paradigm. Y-axis represents the daily mean of latency to find the escape hole during e the acquisition phase (rmANOVA genotype, F (2,44) = 4.151, p = .022) and f the reversal-learning phase (rmANOVA genotype, F (2,43) = 0.830, p = .830) after replacing the escape to the other side of the maze (n = 16 per genotype). Startle and PPI results in Cntn4 mice, with g startle magnitude as function of startle stimulus in all genotypes (MANOVA, F (24,70) = 1.984, p = 0.014), h startle threshold (owANOVA, F (2,45) = 1.542, p = 0.225), i–j pre-pulse inhibition tested with different pre-pulse intensities with inter-stimulus interval (ISI) at 30 ms (two-way ANOVA, F (2,135) = 2.376, p = 0.096) and at 100 ms (two-way ANOVA, F (2,135) = 1.1927, p = 0.306; n = 16 per genotype). Anxiety behavior during the elevated plus maze test and open-field test measured as k elevated plus maze anxiety and as total time spent on the open arms (owANOVA, F (2,36) = 1.450, p = 0.248), l total time spent in the center (owANOVA, F (2,36) = 0.165, p = 0.848), middle (owANOVA, F (2,36) = 0.413, p = 0.665), and outer zones (owANOVA, F (2,36) = 0.125, p = 0.883) of the open field (n = 10–15 per genotype). Data are presented as means ± SEM; *p < 0.05. SD simple discrimination, CD compound discrimination, IDS I–IV intra-dimensional shift I–IV, IDS-reversal reversal of intra-dimensional shift IV (owANOVA, F (2,27) = 3.487, p = .045; Dunnett’s t, WT vs HET p = 0.037, WT vs KO p = 0.092), EDS extra-dimensional shift (owANOVA, F (2,27) = 1.416, p = .260)

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