Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes

Table 1 Association analysis result summary

Cohort	Phenotype			MAF	Standard^a		Parent of origin
	Phenotype		SNP		Risk allele	P value	Risk allele	P value -om/-op	Parental effect	P value -ot
	Trait	Test	SNP		Risk allele	P value	Risk allele	P value -om/-op	Parental effect	P value -ot
York N = 106 families	Language	AFW	rs4280164	A (24 %)	G	0.003	G	0.02	M
		NWR					G	0.002		0.004
		CELFa					G	0.03
		CELFb					G	0.02		0.009
		SPEECH (ps)					G	0.03
		SPEECH (sc)					G	0.02		0.04
		GRAM (ps)					G	0.04
		LW					G	0.04
	Reading	PA-is					A	0.001	P	0.003
	Reading	RAN (ps)					A	0.04	P	0.01
	Reading	PA-is	rs10447141	T (29 %)	C	0.01
	Reading	LSK	rs10447141	T (29 %)			C	0.04	P	0.02
Dyslexia N = 264 families	Reading	READ	rs4280164	A (22 %)			A	0.008	M	0.03
		OC-irreg					A	0.0004		0.0053
		PD			A	0.045	A	0.003		0.02
		PA					A	0.01		0.03
Nudel et al. (2014)^b N = 278 probands	Language	SLI	rs4280164				G	3.74 × 10⁻⁸	P
Nudel et al. (2014)^b N = 278 probands	Language	SLI	rs10447141				C	1.16 × 10⁻⁷	M

Abbreviations: MAF minor allele frequency calculated among parents, AFW age at first word, NWR non-word repetition, CELFa Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (expressive vocabulary), CELFb Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (sentence structure), SPEECH speech factor score, GRAM language grammar factor score, LW letter writing, PA phonological awareness-phoneme isolation, RAN rapid automatic naming, LSK letter sound knowledge, READ single-word reading, OC-irreg orthographic coding by an irregular word task, ps preschool, sc school, M maternal, P paternal
Only tests leading to P values <0.05 are reported and P values <0.001 (= α adjusted for multiple testing) are in italics
^aAssociation analysis not modelled for parent of origin
^bAnalysis was conducted for a categorical definition of SLI and not for quantitative measures

ISSN: 1866-1955