Table 3 Characteristics of NF1 ASD males versus NF1 ASD females on ADI-R subscales, Conners, SRS and verbal IQ
From: Sex bias in autism spectrum disorder in neurofibromatosis type 1
ASD males, (n = 31) | ASD females (n = 9) | t test | P value* | Standardised mean difference (Cohen’s d) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Est. | (95 % CI) | |||||
Mean (SD) | ||||||
ADI-R: reciprocal social interaction (A) | ||||||
Failure to use non-verbal behaviours to regulate social interaction (A1) | 4.55 (1.54) | 2.44 (1.01) | 3.83 | <0.001 | 1.451 | (0.640, 2.262) |
Failure to develop peer relationships (A2) | 6.63 (1.56) | 6.0 (1.12) | 1.13 | 0.267 | 0.428 | (−0.323, 1.179) |
Lack of shared enjoyment (A3) | 4.16 (1.32) | 2.67 (1.87) | 2.72 | 0.010 | 1.029 | (0.252, 1.806) |
Lack of socio-emotional reciprocity (A4) | 5.74 (1.75) | 4.33 (2.40) | 1.94 | 0.058 | 0.739 | (−0.021, 1.500) |
ADI-R: communication (B) | ||||||
Lack/delay in spoken language and failure to compensate through gestures (B1) | 4.32 (2.29) | 2.33 (2.29) | 2.29 | 0.027 | 0.870 | (0.102, 1.637) |
Lack of varied make-believe play (B4) | 5.13 (1.28) | 4.11 (1.17) | 2.13 | 0.039 | 0.808 | (0.044, 1.572) |
Relative failure to initiate/sustain conversational interchange (B2) | 3.58 (0.72) | 2.33 (1.50) | 3.51 | 0.001 | 1.327 | (0.528, 2.127) |
Stereotyped, repetitive or idiosyncratic speech (B3) | 3.68 (1.56) | 3.67 (2.45) | 0.02 | 0.987 | 0.006 | (−0.736, 0.748) |
ADI-R: restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour (C) | ||||||
Encompassing preoccupation or circumscribed pattern of interest (C1) | 2.23 (1.33) | 1.38 (1.51) | 1.57 | 0.125 | 0.622 | (−0.168, 1.412) |
Apparently compulsive adherence to non-functional routines or rituals (C2) | 1.87 (1.15) | 2.67 (1.23) | −1.81 | 0.079 | −0.684 | (−1.441, 0.074) |
Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (C3) | 0.71 (0.90) | 1.11 (1.05) | −1.13 | 0.264 | −0.429 | (−1.177, 0.319) |
Preoccupation with parts of objects or non-functional elements of material (C4) | 1.61 (0.76) | 1.11 (0.78) | 1.73 | 0.091 | 0.656 | (−0.101, 1.412) |
ADOS-SA total | 10.45 (3.44) | 8.33 (2.23) | 1.73 | 0.091 | 0.656 | (−0.100, 1.413) |
ADOS-RRB total | 2.16 (1.59) | 1.67 (2.18) | 0.75 | 0.456 | 0.285 | (−0.460, 1.030) |
ADOS Overall total (SA + RRB) | 12.61 (3.96) | 10.0 (3.24) | 1.81 | 0.079 | 0.683 | (−0.074, 1.441) |
Conners-inattention | 76.03 (11.17) | 80.0 (16.04) | −0.78 | 0.439 | −0.327 | (−1.151, 0.496) |
Conners-hyperactivity | 75.19 (12.26) | 77.0 (22.20) | −0.30 | 0.766 | −0.125 | (−0.946, 0.695) |
SRS total T scores | 84.35 (10.12) | 85.33 (9.49) | −0.259 | 0.797 | −0.098 | (−0.840, 0.644) |
Verbal IQ | 88.50 (12.95) | 90.38 (10.96) | −0.370 | 0.714 | −0.149 | (−0.943, 0.644) |