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Table 2 Global and other cognitive domains and outcome measures in fragile X syndrome

From: Updated report on tools to measure outcomes of clinical trials in fragile X syndrome

Domain

Outcome measure

Shorter term

Longer term

Quality of tools

Intellectual quotient

Wechsler_WAIS-IV, WPPSI-IV, WISC-V

 

Yes

++ [2325, 32, 33]

Stanford-Binet 5

 

Yes

++ [22, 33, 34, 46, 112]

Multiple cognitive skills

NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery

Yesa

Yes

+ [3538]

Adaptive behavior

 

Vineland-II

 

Yes

++/+++ [19, 29, 44, 4649, 98, 112]

ILS

 

Yes

+ [9799]

W-ADL

 

Yes

+ [100]

Memory & Learning

 

WJ working memory

Yes

Yes

+ [50, 51]

RBANS

Yes

Yes

+/++ [5356]

SB-5 Block Span

Yes

Yes

+ [22, 33]

Executive function

 

KiTAP (4 subtests)

Yes

Yes

++/+++ [44, 46, 6063, 112]

WJ auditory attention

Yes

Yes

+ [50, 51]

WJ digits reversed

Yes

Yes

+ [50, 51]

Language

 

PPVT-4

 

Yes

+ [66, 67, 7274]

EVT-2

 

Yes

+ [68]

CELF-5/P2

 

Yes

+ [66, 69, 70]

FMP

Yes

 

+ [7275]

ELS

Yes

Yes

++ [6, 21, 44, 76]

Social cognition

 

SRS

Yes

Yes

+/++ [15, 17, 46, 78, 80, 81, 112, 113]

Eye tracking

Yes

Yes

++ [85, 87, 88]

SPPA

?

?

? [89]

Academic achievement

 

WJ Achievement III

 

Yes

? [9093]

WIAT-II

 

Yes

  1. Abbreviations: Wechsler_WAIS-IV Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th ed, WPPSI-IV Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th ed, WISC-V Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th ed; Stanford Binet5, 5th edition, NIH National Institute of Health, Vineland-II Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-2nd Ed, ILS Independent Living Scales, W-ADL Waismen Activities of Daily Living Scale, WJ Woodcock Johnston, RBANS Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological Status, KiTAP Test of Attentional Performance for Children, PPVT-4 Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4th ed, EVT-2 Expressive Vocabulary Test-2nd ed, CELF-5/P2 Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-5th edition/Preschool-2nd ed, FMP fast-mapping performance, ELS expressive language sampling, SRS Social Responsive Scale, SPPA Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, WIAT-II Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-II. Shorter term deemed suitable for clinical trials lasting <12 months; Longer term deemed suitable for clinical trials lasting >=12 months. Grading system: +++ strong evidence, ++ moderate evidence, + limited evidence, ? unknown due to poor methodological quality, blank cell no evidence available
  2. aYes applies for some subtests