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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Fig. 4

From: Is dopamine transporter-mediated dopaminergic signaling in the retina a noninvasive biomarker for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder? A study in a novel dopamine transporter variant Val559 transgenic mouse model

Fig. 4

Retinal dopamine content and its metabolite levels do not differ in male DAT Val559 homozygous mutant mice. Retinal DA, DOPAC, and HVA were measured by HPLC either under complete darkness (a HOM: checked black bar, WT: black bar) or light conditions following 15–20 min of light exposure (b HOM: checked white bar, WT: white bar). Dopamine levels did not exhibit differences between genotypes or light conditions (HOM vs. WT, F (1,23) = 0.554, P = 0.464; basal vs. light, F (1,23) = 0.0605, P = 0.808, two-way ANOVA). HOM and WT also showed similar levels of DOPAC and HVA. Exposure to light only elevated the DOPAC and HVA levels in WT animals, whereas in HOM, the levels of these two metabolites remained statistically unchanged. (DOPAC: HOM vs. WT, F (1,21) = 0.391, P = 0.538; basal vs. light, F (1,21) = 4.364, *P = 0.049, two-way ANOVA; within WT, basal vs. light, *P < 0.05, post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls method) (HVA: HOM vs. WT, F (1,23) = 0.531, P = 0.474; basal vs. light, F (1,23) = 5.638, *P = 0.026, two-way ANOVA; within WT, basal vs. light, *P < 0.05, post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls method). Data are represented as means ± SEM (n = 6–8 mice)

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