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Table 1 Mean age (standard deviation) and range, percentage of males, mean self-help score (standard deviation) and percentage of participants who were mobile, verbal, had normal hearing and normal vision for all groups

From: Prospective study of autism phenomenology and the behavioural phenotype of Phelan–McDermid syndrome: comparison to fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome and idiopathic autism spectrum disorder

 

Syndrome group

Chi-square

Post hoc < .01

PMS

ASD

FraX

DS

df

χ 2

p value

 

N

 

30

30

30

30

    

Agea

Mean (SD)

10.55 (7.08)

10.60 (7.46)

11.37 (7.02)

10.67 (7.00)

3

1.29*

.732

Range

4.00–37.00

4.00–39.00

6.00–39.00

4.00–36.00

    

Gender

Male (%)

13 (43.33)

26 (86.67)

30 (100.00)

14 (46.67)

3

34.19

< .01

ASD, FraX > PMS, DS

Self-helpb

Mean (SD)

4.77 (1.14)

5.33 (1.24)

5.33 (1.09)

6.20 (1.06)

3

20.47*

< .001

DS > PMS, ASD, FraX

Mobilityb

Fully mobile (%)

22 (73.33)

23 (76.67)

20 (66.67)

26 (86.67)

3

34.10

.33

Visionb

Normal (%)

24 (80.00)

27 (90.0)

24 (80.0)

19 (63.33)

3

6.89

.08

Hearingb

Normal (%)

26 (86.67)

27 (90.00)

29 (96.67)

18 (60.00)

3

15.23**

.001

PMS, ASD, FraX > DS

Speechc

Verbal (%)

5 (16.77)

20 (66.77)

24 (80.00)

24 (80.00)

3

33.96

< .001

ASD, DS, FraX > PMS

  1. Significant differences are highlighted in italics
  2. Groups: PMS Phelan–McDermid syndrome, ASD autism spectrum disorder, FraX fragile X syndrome, DS Down syndrome
  3. *Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous non-normally distributed data
  4. **Fisher’s exact test calculated
  5. aIn years (decimal)
  6. bData derived from the Wessex Scale
  7. cAccording to item 1 on the SCQ “Is he/she now able to talk using short phrases or sentences”