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Table 1 Vineland trajectory study summaries

From: Classifying and characterizing the development of adaptive behavior in a naturalistic longitudinal study of young children with autism

Report

ASD, n

Age (years) at baseline

Length of follow-up (occasions)

Cognitive ability level at baseline

Summary of findings

Szatmari et al. [30] (overlaps with Flanagan et al. [42])

421

3.32 ± 0.75

Four assessments: baseline, 6 and 12 months post-baseline, and age 6 years

Merrill-Palmer-Revised Developmental Index (full-scale IQ): 57.23 ± 26.20

Three classes of ABC trajectory: lower/worsening, moderate/stable, and higher/improving

Anderson et al. [26]

144

2.46 ± 0.39

Six assessments at approximate ages of 2, 3, 5, 9, 18, and 21 years (plus parent report at 10 and 13 years) (not all time points used in all publications)

Non-verbal IQ: 62.4 ± 17.36

Outcome was Vineland socialization age equivalent. Two classes were observed for both groups. Autism—low and flat, and moderate with age-appropriate growth. PDD—moderate with faster than expected growth, and low with moderate growth

Bal et al. [32]

Autism: 93

PDD: 51

Autism: 2.43 ± 0.42

PDD:

2.43 ± 0.47

Mullen Scales of Early Learning Non-verbal mental age: 1.62 ± 0.56 years

Two classes of daily living skills age equivalents trajectory: high and low. While both gained skills over time, the low group gained at a slower rate.

Baghdadli et al. [28]

152

4.9 ± 1.3

Three assessments at approximately 5, 8, and 15 years

Did not use standard assessments. “cognition related to object (months)”: 22.4 ± 11.9; “Cognition related to person (months)”: 19.2 ± 10.8

Across the subdomains of adaptive behavior, two patterns of development in age equivalents were observed: one with little growth across the time points and the other with substantial but less-than-expected growth.

Current study

105

4.24 ± 1.30

Follow-up at 6-month intervals prior to the third birthday; annual follow-ups until 3 years of study participation

Full-scale developmental quotient: 49.88 ± 16.83

Two classes of ABC trajectory: low/decreasing, moderate/stable

  1. PDD pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified, ABC Adaptive Behavior Composite