Table 3 Random effects models of biological and maternal-related environmental variables with level (initial visit) and change over time in dependent variables

Ratio of affected to total chromosomes

β = − 7.9, SE = 2.1

p < 0.001

β = − 1.5, SE = 0.6

p = 0.02

β = − 4.5, SE = 3.6

p = 0.22

β = 0.7, SE = 0.9

p = 0.45

β = 6.9, SE = 1.7

p < 0.001

β = 5.5, SE = 1.9

p = 0.006

Level of FMRP expression

β = 0.7, SE = 3.0

p = 0.8

β = 1.2, SE = 0.4

p = 0.01

β = 5.3, SE = 2.8

p = 0.07

β = 0.47, SE = 0.27

p = 0.09

β = 2.3, SE = 1.7

p = 0.17

β = 0.5, SE = 1.0

p = 0.60

Closeness in the mother–child relationship

β = 6.7, SE = 2.8

p = 0.02

β = 0.2, SE = 20.8

p = 0.83

β = 8.8, SE = 2.7 p = 0.002

β = 0.73, SE = 0.39

p = 0.07

β = − 8.1, SE = 1.7

p < 0.001

β = − 4.0, SE = 2.0 p = 0.053

Maternal psychological distress

β = − 8.6, SE = 2.2

p < 0.001

β = − 0.5, SE = 1.2

p = 0.7

β = − 13.2, SE = 2.7

p < 0.001

β = − 0.7, SE = 0.6

p = 0.26

β = 5.2, SE = 2.2

p = 0.02

β = 2.5, SE = 2.7

p = 0.36