|
Comorbidity
|
N
|
Total
|
Present study
|
Literature frequencya
|
|---|
|
Hypotonia
|
28
|
33
|
85%
|
29–100%
|
|
Increased pain tolerance
|
24
|
30
|
80%
|
10–88%
|
|
Recurring upper respiratory tract infections
|
20
|
33
|
61%
|
8–53%
|
|
Chewing difficulties
|
19
|
33
|
58%
|
50%b
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux
|
17
|
30
|
57%
|
> 25–44%
|
|
Constipation and/or diarrhea
|
14
|
33
|
42%
|
38–41%
|
|
Sleep disturbance
|
13
|
33
|
39%
|
41–46%
|
|
Renal abnormalities
|
10
|
33
|
30%
|
17–38%
|
|
Seizures (febrile and/or non-febrile)
|
9
|
34
|
26%
|
14–41%
|
|
Precocious or delayed puberty
|
4
|
28
|
14%
|
0–12%
|
|
Lymphedema
|
4
|
30
|
13%
|
22–29%
|
|
Cardiac abnormalities
|
2
|
34
|
6%
|
3–25%
|
|
Hearing loss
|
1
|
34
|
3%
|
NAc
|
- aFrequencies based on the literature review available [15]
- bFrequency available in the analysis of PMS individuals carrying SHANK3 point mutations [16]
- cAlthough the frequency of this comorbidity was not considered in this study, the literature describes some cases of PMS individuals presenting hearing loss [17, 18]
