Table 4 Associations between receptive language ability and age and sex and the interaction between age and sex
From: Health comorbidities and cognitive abilities across the lifespan in Down syndrome
Number (n) | Score | Age | Sex | Age*sex | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All age groups | 523 (271 males, 252 females) | − 3.96 ± 1.33 (− 6.54, 0.14) | F(1,519) = 203.99, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.28 | F(1,519) = 5.89, p = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.01 | F(1,519) = 2.90, p = 0.089, ηp2 = 0.01 |
Younger children | 104 (59 males, 45 females) | 17.01 ± 7.38 (4, 36) | F(1,100) = 214.01, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.68 | F(1,100) = 0.28, p = 0.595, ηp2 < 0.01 | F(1,100) = 2.05, p = 0.155, ηp2 = 0.02 |
Older children | 25 (10 males, 15 females) | 62.24 ± 17.48 (33, 106) | F(1,21) = 27.31, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.57 | F(1,21) = 3.41, p = 0.079, ηp2 = 0.14 | F(1,21) = 2.65, p = 0.118, ηp2 = 0.11 |
Younger adults | 157 (80 males, 77 females) | 33.48 ± 16.30 (2, 82) | F(1,153) = 0.02, p = 0.882, ηp2 < 0.01 | F(1,153) = 2.16, p = 0.144, ηp2 = 0.01 | F(1,153) = 1.44, p = 0.232, ηp2 = 0.01 |
Older adults | 237 (122 males, 115 females) | 22.22 ± 17.86 (0, 80) | F(1,233) = 42.24, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.15 | F(1,233) = 0.75, p = 0.388, ηp2 < 0.01 | F(1,233) = 0.68, p = 0.409, ηp2 < 0.01 |