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Table 2 Descriptive summaries by diagnosis and time points (DS vs. FXS)

From: Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors

Variables

Fragile X syndrome

Down syndrome

Baseline

Time 2

Time 3

Time 4

Baseline

Time 2

Time 3

Time 4

Chronological age

n = 37

12.9 (1.7)

10.2–16

n= 33

13.7 (1.7)

11.2–17

n= 32

14.9 (1.8)

12.2–18

n= 32

15.8 (1.7)

13.2–19

n= 20

12.8 (1.9) 10.2–15.9

n= 18

13.9 (2)

11.2–17

n= 16

14.8 (2)

12.2–17.9

n= 13

15.4 (1.9)

13.3–19

NV cognition (Leiter-R GS)

n= 35

466.3 (9.4)

446–489

n= 30

468.5 (10)

440–489

n= 31

468 (9.5)

446–489

n= 30

468.5 (10.2)

438–489

n= 19

460.3 (7.2)

442–474

n= 17

463.3 (8.4)

450–480

n= 15

465.3 (9.1)

449–483

n= 13

469.5 (9.8)

452–490

NV cognition (Leiter-R age equivalents)

n= 36

5.4 (1.1)

3.3–8.3

n= 33

5.5 (1.3)

2.8–9.5

n= 32

5.5 (1.1)

3.4–8.2

n= 32

5.5 (1.2)

2.9-8.6

n= 20

4.7 (0.7)

3.1–6.4

n= 18

4.9 (1.1)

2.7–7.4

n= 16

5.2 (1)

3.6–7.5

n= 13

5.7 (1.1)

3.8–8

Conversation

n= 33

n= 33

n= 28

n= 30

n= 17

n= 16

n= 11

n= 10

Syntactic complexity

4.0 (1.4)

1.9–7.0

3.9 (1.7)

1.3–8.4

3.8 (1.6)

1.2–7.2

3.3 (1.5)

1.2–7.4

2.9 (0.8)

1.8–4.3

2.9 (0.6)

2.0–4.1

3.0 (1.1)

1.4–5.1

2.8 (1.2)

1.6–5.5

Lexical diversity

86.9 (28.2)

19–138

83.8 (33.0)

17–141

82.5 (31.4)

21–136

73.7 (30.9)

24–135

64.9 (15.8)

40–90

65.6 (17.5)

39–101

65.4 (23.3)

27–103

63.3 (16.9)

43–86

Talkativeness

12.7 (3.5)

6.5–20.2

12.9 (4.1)

4.5–20.4

14.8 (3.4)

6.0–22.5

15.1 (5.0)

3.6–23.9

12.9 (3.6)

6.9–17.9

12.8 (4.3)

3.3–19.2

11.4 (3.1)

6.7–16.8

11.8 (4.1)

5.4–18.9

Dysfluency

0.2 (0.1)

0–0.5

0.2 (0.1)

0–0.5

0.1 (0.1)

0.02–0.5

0.2 (0.1)

0.01–0.4

0.2 (0.2)

0.01–0.7

0.3 (0.2)

0.03–0.6

0.2 (0.1)

0.04–0.5

0.2 (0.2)

0.02–0.6

Narration:

n= 34

n= 31

n= 31

n= 29

n= 18

n= 15

n= 12

n= 10

Syntactic complexity

4.7 (1.7)

1–8

4.7 (1.7)

1.5–8.7

4.3 (1.8)

1.5–8.5

4.4 (1.7)

1.6–8.5

3.5 (1.4)

1.2–6

3.7 (1.2)

2–6.2

4.6 (1.5)

1.6–6.8

4.1 (2.2)

1.9–8.2

Lexical diversity

61.0 (28.7)

1–128

62.1 (28.6)

11–123

61.1 (33.0)

15–122

55.1 (27.5)

9–108

40.8 (23.6)

5–79

43.7 (25.2)

2–83

57.3 (26.4)

24–103

44.1 (25.8)

15–87

Talkativeness

11.4 (4.7)

0.3–22.1

11.3 (4.4)

4.1–17.4

12.1 (4.9)

4.1–22.5

12.1 (5.6)

3.9–29.9

7.0 (3.0)

3.2–14.1

6.4 (3.1)

0.3–12.2

8.0 (3.3)

3.5 (13.1)

5.9 (1.7)

3.2–8.1

Dysfluency

0.2 (0.1)

0–0.3

0.1 (0.1)

0–0.5

0.1 (0.1)

0–0.3

0.1 (0.1)

0–0.5

0.3 (0.2)

0–0.7

0.3 (0.2)

0.02–0.8

0.2 (0.2)

0.01–0.7

0.3 (0.2)

0.04–0.7

  1. Descriptive summaries of CA, NV cognition, and age equivalent (Leiter) and expressive language measures derived from conversation and narration (ELS) are represented by diagnosis and time point. Values represent sample size (bold/italic font), mean followed by standard deviation (in brackets) and range for each measure. Note that individuals may miss a visit, but return for a later visit; for example, in DS, 15 of 17 with conversation samples at time 1 were seen at time 3 or time 4 as were 14 of 18 with narration samples, so although sample sizes at the later time points are much lower than at time 1, most individuals are still contributing to at least one of these later time points
  2. CA chronological age, NV nonverbal, GS growth score