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Table 1 Detailed characterization of behavioural measures at the 10- and 24-month assessments for EL-ASD, EL-ADHD, EL-ASD+ADHD and TL participants who contributed to the EEG analyses

From: Behavioural and neural markers of tactile sensory processing in infants at elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

 

EL-ASD

EL-ADHD

EL-ASD+ADHD

TL

p values

10-month visit

 Age in days

318.65 (13.42)

326.55 (29.76)

316.56 (14.05)

323.22 (16.77)

.378 (ns)

 MSEL ELC

86.47 (14.39)

86.05 (17.09)

80.78 (15.82)

91.11 (9.65)

.359 (ns)

 MSEL GM

37.67 (8.51)

39.75 (9.92)

33.56 (9.81)

33.11 (9.87)

.102 (ns)

 MSEL FM

50.14 (11.22)

53.65 (15.26)

46.55 (13.65)

50.78 (8.09)

.499 (ns)

 MSEL VR

48.56 (9.09)

47.10 (10.46)

48.00 (8.29)

50.61 (5.75)

.669 (ns)

 MSEL RL

36.30 (10.03)

34.65 (10.37)

34.11 (10.87)

41.05 (8.05)

.174 (ns)

 MSEL EL

36.35 (13.05)

34.95 (13.22)

30.22 (12.97)

39.11 (9.86)

.367 (ns)

 N (% boys)

43 (43.2)

20 (60)

9 (55.6)

18 (50)

 

 ITSP Tactile Seeking

2.40 (0.99)a

1.90 (0.54)

2.33 (0.97)

1.81 (0.39)

.003*

24-month visit

 Age in days

777.00 (19.66)

771.12 (40.38)

755.57 (19.66)

764.40 (43.63)

.610 (ns)

 MSEL ELC

101.87 (20.87)a

104.76 (21.61)

92.86 (18.08)a

120.00 (15.53)

.011*

 MSEL GM

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

 MSEL FM

50.95 (10.39)a

50.82 (11.90)

49.43 (12.15)

61.20 (10.72)

.015*

 MSEL VR

50.20 (13.27)a

55.53 (11.86)

43.86 (8.80)a

63.67 (8.37)

.001**

 MSEL RL

51.41 (14.11)

50.34 (13.44)

47.43 (9.13)

57.87 (7.43)

.217 (ns)

 MSEL EL

49.47 (15.72)

52.23 (15.21)

44.28 (11.46)

58.00 (12.79)

.159 (ns)

 N (% boys)

38 (42.1)

17 (58.8)

7 (57.1)

15 (40)

 

 ADOS-2 CSS

2.97 (2.26)a

2.65 (1.97)

3.14 (2.03)a

1.40 (0.63)

.040*

 ECBQ inhibitory control

3.74 (1.29)

3.84 (0.97)

3.22 (1.61)

4.31 (0.92)

.250 (ns)

 ECBQ activity

4.54 (0.84)

4.88 (1.04)

5.11 (0.74)

4.62 (0.72)

.325 (ns)

 Q-CHAT

24.37 (12.17)

28.00 (10.96)

31.08 (15.19)

21.05 (3.82)

.202 (ns)

  1. *p < .05
  2. ** p ≤ .001
  3. aSignificant differences with the TL group
  4. M (SD) reported for age in days, MSEL ELC (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Early Composite Score), MSEL GM (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Gross Motor Score), MSEL FM (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Fine Motor Score), MSEL VR (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Visual reception Score), MSEL RL (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Receptive Language Score), MSEL EL (Mullen Scales for Early Learning Expressive Language), ITSP Tactile Seeking (tactile sensory seeking average score of the Infant-Toddler Sensory Profile), ADOS-2 CSS (ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores), ECBQ inhibitory control (inhibitory control subscale of the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire), ECBQ activity (activity subscale of the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire), Q-CHAT (Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers)