Fig. 7

Map of ELL students: standard deviations below and above mean. Figures 6 and 7 highlight percentages of ASD and ELL per school district, respectively, by standard deviations below and above the mean for each characteristic. Figure 3 reveals similar findings to ASD rates (Fig. 1), especially for districts with the highest and lowest rates of ASD. School districts with the highest rates of ASD are highlighted in dark green (> 2.5 SD above the mean). As with those in previous figures, school districts with the highest ASD rates (> 2.5 SD above the mean) also possessed higher percentages of economically disadvantaged, Black, and Hispanic students. When stratified by standard deviations, ASD rates did not reveal a clear geographic pattern, except for some clustering of high ASD rates around city centers (i.e., New York City). In contrast, ELL distribution (Fig. 4) presents a clearer pattern with nearly all districts classified into the < 0.50 SD below the mean (dark orange) category, in contrast to the New York City metropolitan area where the percent of ELLs is > 2.5 SD above the mean (dark orange).