Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of NY school districts stratified by ELL status

n = 895

M (SD)

Autism spectrum disorder¹

1.14 (± 0.56)

1.08 (± 0.56)

1.08 (± 0.50)

1.26 (± 0.58)

English language learners¹

2.59 (± 5.70)

Male¹

50.74 (± 5.15)

50.57 (± 4.97)

50.29 (± 6.86)

51.37 (± 2.67)

White¹

78.27 (± 25.05)

91.82 (± 9.60)

87.88 (± 14.25)

55.11 (± 27.83)

Asian¹

3.11 (± 5.97)

0.81 (± 1.09)

1.76 (± 2.35)

6.78 (± 8.94)

Hispanic¹

9.84 (± 14.12)

2.81 (± 2.71)

4.23 (± 4.20)

22.49 (± 18.22)

Black¹

5.39 (± 10.66)

1.46 (± 2.76)

2.16 (± 2.98)

12.59 (± 15.70)

American Indian¹

0.40 (± 2.86)

0.55 (± 3.17)

0.45 (± 3.75)

0.21 (± 0.62)

Multiracial¹

2.13 (± 1.96)

1.72 (± 1.59)

1.94 (± 1.78)

2.73 (± 2.29)

Economically disadvantaged¹

44.50 (± 20.11)

47.72 (± 15.70)

42.15 (± 18.07)

43.63 (± 24.98)

Students with disabilities¹

13.92 (± 4.93)

13.89 (± 4.21)

13.45 (± 4.67)

14.41 (± 5.75)

Learning disability¹

5.21 (± 2.40)

5.60 (± 2.22)

5.12 (± 2.35)

4.91 (± 2.57)