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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Fig. 5

From: Long-term spatial tracking of cells affected by environmental insults

Fig. 5

RFP-positive cortical pyramidal neurons exhibit reduced excitability. a Representative current–clamp traces of action potentials (AP) evoked by current injection at rheobase (black) and above threshold (blue and green). While AP frequency generally increased with step amplitude in RFP− neurons from either control- or arsenite-treatment groups, RFP+ neurons tended to elicit single spikes regardless of stimulus intensity (bottom trace). b Quantification of mono-spiking neurons recorded in each condition. A larger proportion of RFP‑expressing neurons were classified as mono-spiking when compared to both RFP-negative groups [X2 (1, 40) = 7.38, P < 0.05 by chi-square test]. c Stimulus-frequency curves show that poly-spiking RFP+ neurons (red) follow a profile similar to RFP− neurons from both arsenite and untreated groups (black and gray) [F(1, 99) = 0.34, P = 0.71 by one-way repeated measures ANOVA]. d The average amount of depolarizing current required to elicit an action potential from rest (rheobase) was increased in RFP+ neurons [F(2, 30) = 3.33, P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 by Tukey test]. e No differences were observed in the peak amplitude of 1st APs between groups [F(2, 29) = 0.17, P = 0.86 one-way ANOVA]. f RFP+ neurons elicited narrower 1st APs when compared to RFP− neurons from both arsenite and untreated groups [F(2, 31) = 6.13, P < 0.005 by one-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 by Tukey test]. g Representative spike traces from individual RFP+, RFP−, and control neurons demonstrating that 1st AP width is reduced in RFP+ neurons, without a change in peak amplitude

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