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Table 4 Adjusted (adjusted for the following covariates: child sex, month and year of birth, county, and insurance type) linear and logistic regression models estimating paths A and B of candidate mediation models

From: Maternal immune response and air pollution exposure during pregnancy: insights from the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study

Path A Air pollutant -> immune marker Path B Immune marker + air pollutant -> outcome
  Beta 95% CI p    OR 95% CI p
NO2 -> IL-6 − 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.03) < 0.001 NO2 + IL-6 -> ASD w/ ID 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) 0.57
1.11 (1.03, 1.20) 0.01a
NO2 -> IL-8 − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.02) < 0.001 NO2 + IL-8-> ASD w/ ID 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.44
1.09 (0.96, 1.24) 0.18
NO2 -> MCP-1 − 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01) < 0.001 NO2 + MCP-1-> ASD w/ ID 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 0.40
1.10 (0.89, 1.36) 0.37
Ozone -> IL-8 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) < 0.001 Ozone + IL-8-> ASD w/ ID 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) 0.64
1.09 (0.96, 1.24) 0.16
NO2 -> MCP-1 − 0.02 (− 0.02, − 0.01) < 0.001 NO2 + MCP-1-> ASD w/o ID 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) 0.58
0.77 (0.62, 0.97) 0.03a
Ozone -> IL-8 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) < 0.001 Ozone + IL-8-> ASD w/o ID 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) 0.67
0.88 (0.78, 0.99) 0.03a
NO2 -> IL-10 − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.02) < 0.001 NO2 + IL-10-> ASD w/o ID 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) 0.32
0.98 (0.87, 1.10) 0.74
NO2 -> IL-6 − 0.05 (− 0.07, − 0.02) < 0.001 NO2 + IL-6-> ID w/o ASD 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) 0.29
0.97 (0.89, 1.05) 0.45
NO2 -> IL-8 − 0.03 (− 0.04, − 0.01) < 0.001 NO2 + IL-8-> ID w/o ASD 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) 0.29
0.94 (0.82, 1.08) 0.40
NO2 -> MCP-1 − 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01) < 0.001 NO2 + MCP-1-> ID w/o ASD 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) 0.31
0.94 (0.74, 1.2) 0.63
  1. Ten candidate mediation models were carried out based on significant associations between air pollutants and immune markers (p < 0.001) in supplemental tables 3–5
  2. aThis model is shown in Fig. 2. Air pollutants measured in parts per billion (NO2, ozone) or microgram/meters3 (PM2.5, PM10)
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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ISSN: 1866-1955

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