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Table 2 ASD symptomatology by language level

From: Characterisation of the clinical phenotype in Phelan-McDermid syndrome

 

Verbal

Minimally verbal (≥3yo)

 

n

Mean (SD) [range]

n

Mean (SD) [range]

Comparison

ADOS-2

SA-CSS

18

5.50 (2.33) [1-10]

BCa 95% CI [4.44, 6.61]

27

5.56 (2.78) [2-10]

BCa 95% CI [4.32, 6.71]

U=229.500, Z=-.316, p=.752, η2=0.002

RRB-CSS

5.11 (2.59) [1-10]

BCa 95% CI [4.00, 6.22]

6.22 (1.48) [1-9]

BCa 95% CI [5.58, 6.80]

U=174.000, Z=−1.656, p=.098, η2=0.062

Total-CSS

5.00 (2.17) [1-9]

BCa 95% CI [3.89, 6.09]

5.22 (2.31) [2-10]

BCa 95% CI [4.32, 6.15]

U=230.500, Z=−.297, p=.766, η2=0.002

ADI-R

A

18

16.33 (6.71) [6-28]

BCa 95% CI [13.54, 19.24]

32

20.94 (5.84) [6-30]

BCa 95% CI [18.91, 22.91]

U=173.500, Z=-2.320, p=.020, η2=0.108

B

13.44 (5.68) [2-23]

BCa 95% CI [10.85, 16.06]

12.25 (3.06) [0–14]

BCa 95% CI [11.01, 13.19]

n/a

C

4.44 (2.64) [0–9]

BCa 95% CI [3.33, 5.45]

4.62 (2.34) [0–8]

BCa 95% CI [3.84, 5.49]

t(48)=.250, 95% CI [−1.27, 1.63], p=.803

SRS

Total

11

87.27 (35.00) [26–141]

BCa 95% CI [66.76, 106.88]

n/a

Social Awareness

10.82 (4.26) [4-19]

BCa 95% CI [8.73, 13.00]

Social Cognition

18.36 (6.07) [9-26]

BCa 95% CI [14.79, 21.82]

Social Communication

28.00 (13.02) [4-46]

BCa 95% CI [19.69, 34.95]

Social Motivation

13.91 (7.11) [4-28]

BCa 95% CI [10.18, 17.62]

Autistic Mannerisms

15.27 (7.59) [4-25]

BCa 95% CI [10.73, 19.73]

RBS-R

Stereotyped

15

1.67 (2.47) [0–8]

BCa 95% CI [.60, 2.80]

28

3.32 (3.35) [0–12]

BCa 95% CI [2.19, 4.67]

U=141.500, Z=−1.790, p=.073, η2=0.075

Self-injurious

1.60 (1.59) [0–4]

BCa 95% CI [.87, 2.27]

1.89 (2.20) [0–8]

BCa 95% CI [1.21, 2.69]

U=208.000, Z=−.053, p=.958, η2<0.001

Compulsive

4.33 (6.62) [0–20]

BCa 95% CI [1.69, 7.27]

2.14 (2.92) [0–10]

BCa 95% CI [1.17, 3.40]

U=180.000, Z=−.792, p=.429, η2=0.015

Ritualistic

4.33 (4.34) [0–14]

BCa 95% CI [2.41, 6.45]

1.54 (2.22) [0–7]

BCa 95% CI [.77, 2.48]

U=111.500, Z=−2.614, p=.009, η2=0.159

Sameness

6.53 (7.61) [0–27]

BCa 95% CI [3.45, 10.22]

3.46 (4.46) [0–13]

BCa 95% CI [1.72, 5.39]

U=155.000, Z=−1.435, p=.151, η2=0.048

Restricted

1.73 (3.33) [0–12]

BCa 95% CI [.47, 3.27]

1.68 (2.31) [0–8]

BCa 95% CI [.96, 2.55]

U=187.000, Z=−.632, p=.527, η2=0.009

SP-2

Auditory

10

18.90 (5.63) [13-31]

BCa 95% CI [15.90, 22.56]

22

19.45 (5.57) [9-30]

BCa 95% CI [17.23, 21.73]

t(30)=.260, 95% CI [−3.80, 4.91], p=.796

Visual

11.80 (2.57) [7-15]

BCa 95% CI [10.30, 13.30]

11.50 (4.70) [4-22]

BCa 95% CI [9.59, 13.42]

U=89.500, Z=−.838, p=.411, η2=0.022

Touch

25.40 (5.76) [16-36]

BCa 95% CI [22.10, 28.60]

24.82 (7.80) [14-42]

BCa 95% CI [21.75, 28.18]

t(30)= −.210, 95% CI [−6.23, 5.06], p=.835

Movement

19.40 (5.04) [11-29]

BCa 95% CI [16.60, 22.11]

21.45 (7.13) [5-32]

BCa 95% CI [18.14, 24.37]

t(30)=.820, 95% CI [−3.06, 7.17], p=.419

Body position

18.10 (5.82) [8-27]

BCa 95% CI [14.80, 21.60]

18.86 (5.85) [9-29]

BCa 95% CI [16.27, 21.55]

t(30)=.343, 95% CI [−3.79, 5.31], p=.734

Oral

15.40 (3.13) [13-21]

BCa 95% CI [13.80, 17.20]

16.95 (4.51) [12-27]

BCa 95% CI [15.31, 18.78]

U=89.000, Z=−.860, p=.411, η2=0.023

Seeking

44.00 (8.62) [28–55]

BCa 95% CI [39.00, 49.07]

45.18 (12.51) [22–72]

BCa 95% CI [40.08, 50.58]

t(30)=.270, 95% CI [−7.76, 10.13), p=.789

Avoiding

47.50 (13.79) [23–71]

BCa 95% CI [39.30, 55.70]

37.59 (8.06) [19–51]

BCa 95% CI [33.95, 41.11]

t(30)= −2.566, 95% CI [−17.80, −2.02], p=.016

Sensitivity

43.30 (6.73) [32–54]

BCa 95% CI [39.50, 47.20]

41.36 (9.67) [26–65]

BCa 95% CI [37.64, 45.71]

t(30)= −.571, 95% CI [−8.86, 4.99], p=.572

Registration

54.40 (13.01) [35–76]

BCa 95% CI [46.90, 61.93]

53.95 (14.32) [33–78]

BCa 95% CI [47.72, 60.51]

t(30)= −.084, 95% CI [−11.30, 10.41], p=.934

Conduct

21.70 (4.60) [15-31]

BCa 95% CI [19.30, 24.20]

19.18 (7.06) [9-30]

BCa 95% CI [16.29, 22.35]

t(30)= −1.029, 95% CI [−7.52, 2.48], p=.312

Social-emotional

36.50 (8.70) [22–50]

BCa 95% CI [31.50, 41.43]

27.82 (7.23) [15-42]

BCa 95% CI [24.80, 30.68]

t(30)= −2.957, 95% CI [−14.68, −2.69], p=.006

Attentional

28.60 (7.43) [15-38]

BCa 95% CI [24.20, 32.70]

26.86 (7.45) [15-42]

BCa 95% CI [24.11, 30.00]

t(30)= −.612, 95% CI [−7.53, 4.06], p=.545

  1. No correction for multiple comparisons. Only participants aged ≥3 years old. ADOS-2: social affect (SA), repetitive and restrictive behaviours (RRB), calibrated severity score (CSS). CSS range 1–10 indicating increasing severity. ADI-R: Only participants aged 4 and up. Qualitative alterations of reciprocal social interactions (A), range 0–30; qualitative alterations of language/communication (B), non-verbal range 0–14, verbal range 0–26; restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and interests (C), range 0–12. SRS (Social Responsiveness Scale), only verbal participants: total range 0–195, social awareness range 0–24; social cognition range 0–36, social communication range 0–66, social motivation range 0–33, autistic mannerisms range 0–36. RBS-R (Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised): stereotyped range 0–18, self-injurious range 0–24, compulsive range 0–24, ritualistic range 0–18, insistence in sameness range 0–33, restricted range 0–12. SP-2 (Sensory Profile-2): sensory sections: auditory range 0–40, visual range 0–30, touch range 0–55, movement range 0–40, body position range 0–40 and oral range 0–50; sensory quadrants: seeking range 0–95, avoiding range 0–100, sensitivity range 0–95 and registration range 0–110; behavioural section: conduct range 0–45, social-emotional range 0–70 and attentional range 0–50. Confidence interval for the group means calculated with bootstrapping (95% BCa CI). 95% CI for the mean difference calculated only for normally distributed variables