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Table 2 Neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders in girls and women with Turner syndrome compared with age-matched controls (1:100 controls)

From: Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome: a population-based study

Diagnoses

Turner syndrome N (%)

Matched controls N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P

Any neurodevelopmental disorders/psychiatric disorders

283 (20.33)

21948 (15.77)

1.37 (1.20–1.57)

< .0001

Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

30 (2.16)

4635 (3.33)

0.64 (0.44–0.92)

0.0091

Schizophrenia and related disorders (including schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder)

29 (2.08)

1493 (1.07)

1.98 (1.36–2.88)

0.0012

Mood disorders (including bipolar, single, and recurrent depressive disorder)

79 (5.68)

8606 (6.18)

0.91 (0.72–1.15)

0.4252

Suicide attempt

19 (1.36)

2158 (1.55)

0.88 (0.56–1.39)

0.5682

Anxiety disorders (including dissociative, stress-related, and somatoform disorders)

96 (6.90)

11210 (8.05)

0.84 (0.68–1.04)

0.1034

Eating disorders

32 (2.30)

1609 (1.16)

2.03 (1.42–2.91)

0.0004

Disorders of adult personality and behavior

17 (1.22)

1720 (1.24)

0.99 (0.61–1.60)

0.9613

Mental retardation (ID)

62 (4.45)

760 (0.55)

8.59 (6.58–11.20)

< .0001

Pervasive developmental disorders (ASD)

30 (2.16)

726 (0.52)

4.26 (2.94–6.18)

< .0001

Hyperkinetic disorders (ADHD)

22 (1.58)

1732 (1.24)

1.28 (0.83–1.96)

0.2771

Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood

26 (1.87)

1319 (0.95)

2.01 (1.35–2.99)

0.0017

  1. OR odds ratio, ID intellectual disability, ASD autism spectrum disorder, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder