From: Turner syndrome: language profile of young girls at 12 and 24 months of age
Variable | 12 months | 24 months | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean scores t test (H0: μTS pop =μ0) | At-risk exact χ2-test (H0: %TS pop = 16) | Mean scores t test (H0: μTS pop = μ0) | At-risk exact χ2-test (H0: %TS pop = 16) | |||||
M ± SD | p | % (n) | p | M ± SD | p | % (n) | p | |
PLS-4 (n12 = 26, n24= 22) | ||||||||
Auditory comprehension | 96.5 ± 11.7 | .139 | 23.1 (6) | .418 | 93.0 ± 11.4 | .009* | 31.8 (7) | .072 |
Expressive communication | 105.0 ± 12.7 | .055 | 3.8 (1) | .109 | 99.9 ± 11.5 | .971 | 9.1 (2) | .420 |
Total language | 100.8 ± 12.6 | .746 | 11.5 (3) | .611 | 96.3 ± 12.0 | .166 | 22.7 (5) | .562 |
CSBS-DP BS (n12 = 25, n24 = 19) | ||||||||
Social | ||||||||
Emotion and eye gaze | 9.1 ± 1.7 | .010* | 4.0 (1) | .166 | 12.1 ± 3.9 | .033 | 15.8 (3) | > .999 |
Communication | 8.6 ± 2.8 | .025* | 48.0 (12) | < .001* | 11.1 ± 4.3 | .279 | 31.6 (6) | .106 |
Gestures | 8.2 ± 3.1 | .010* | 36.0 (9) | .012* | 10.1 ± 3.6 | .950 | 31.6 (6) | .106 |
Speech | ||||||||
Sounds | 9.6 ± 2.0 | .322 | 24.0 (6) | .413 | 11.6 ± 2.4 | .008* | 5.3 (1) | .238 |
Words | 10.4 ± 1.5 | .149 | 0.0 (0) | .049 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | .005* | 5.3 (1) | .238 |
Symbolic | ||||||||
Understanding | 9.5 ± 1.9 | .178 | 4.0 (1) | .166 | 10.4 ± 3.7 | .672 | 15.8 (3) | > .999 |
Object use | 7.7 ± 2.9 | < .001* | 60.0 (15) | < .001* | 11.1 ± 3.3 | .182 | 15.8 (3) | > .999 |
Composite | ||||||||
Social | 8.7 ± 2.8 | .031* | 36.0 (9) | .012* | 11.1 ± 3.9 | .256 | 21.1 (4) | .756 |
Speech | 9.7 ± 1.9 | .464 | 12.0 (3) | .787 | 12.2 ± 2.5 | .001* | 5.3 (1) | .238 |
Symbolic | 8.0 ± 2.7 | .001* | 52.0 (13) | < .001* | 10.3 ± 3.0 | .703 | 21.1 (4) | .756 |
Total standard score | 90.2 ± 12.1 | < .001* | 36.0 (9) | .012* | 107.6 ± 17.6 | .075 | 10.5 (2) | .570 |
CSBS-DP CQ (n12 = 26, n24 = 20) | ||||||||
Social | ||||||||
Emotion and eye gaze | 10.3 ± 3.2 | .676 | 34.6 (9) | .016* | 11.9 ± 3.2 | .015 | 10.0 (2) | .564 |
Communication | 10.2 ± 3.1 | .799 | 15.4 (4) | > .999 | 11.8 ± 3.9 | .052 | 10.0 (2) | .564 |
Gestures | 9.9 ± 3.4 | .863 | 23.1 (6) | .418 | 14.4 ± 4.8 | < .001* | 20.0 (4) | .759 |
Speech | ||||||||
Sounds | 9.5 ± 2.6 | .341 | 23.1 (6) | .418 | 13.2 ± 4.0 | .002* | 5.0 (1) | .234 |
Words | 10.0 ± 2.6 | .939 | 23.1 (6) | .418 | 11.4 ± 3.1 | .069 | 5.0 (1) | .234 |
Symbolic | ||||||||
Understanding | 8.5 ± 3.1 | .024 | 38.5 (10) | .005* | 11.7 ± 5.1 | .151 | 25.0 (5) | .353 |
Object use | 9.0 ± 3.0 | .107 | 34.6 (9) | .016* | 9.1 ± 2.3 | .081 | 20.0 (4) | .759 |
Composite | ||||||||
Social | 9.9 ± 2.9 | .789 | 30.8 (8) | .056 | 11.4 ± 2.5 | .021 | 5.0 (1) | .234 |
Speech | 9.8 ± 2.7 | .777 | 23.1 (6) | .418 | 11.4 ± 2.9 | .044 | 5.0 (1) | .234 |
Symbolic | 8.8 ± 2.9 | .046 | 42.3 (11) | .001* | 9.1 ± 2.3 | .095 | 30.0 (6) | .188 |
Total standard score | 94.9 ± 14.3 | .082 | 30.8 (8) | .056 | 101.4 ± 12.4 | .619 | 15.0 (3) | > .999 |