Table 2 Assessment of changes in standard scores and “at-risk” classifications from 12 and 24 months for infants with TS who have 24-month follow-up on PLS-4, CSBS-DP Behavioral Sample, and CSBS-DP Caregiver Questionnaire
From: Turner syndrome: language profile of young girls at 12 and 24 months of age
Variable | Mean scores 12 to 24 months Paired t test | “At-risk” 12 to 24 months McNemar’s exact test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12-months M± SD | 24-months M ± SD | p | 12 months % (n) | 24 months % (n) | p | |
PLS-4 (n = 17) | ||||||
Auditory comprehension | 98.2 + 12.2 | 94.2 + 11.3 | .257 | 23.5 (4) | 29.4 (5) | > .999 |
Expressive communication | 106.4 + 13.8 | 101.8 + 10.4 | .187 | 5.9 (1) | 5.9 (1) | > .999 |
Total language | 102.6 + 13.6 | 98.0 + 11.3 | .188 | 11.8 (2) | 17.6 (3) | > .999 |
CSBS-DP BS (n = 15) | ||||||
Social | ||||||
Emotion and eye gaze | 9.1 + 1.9 | 11.8 + 3.8 | .016* | 6.7 (1) | 20.0 (3) | .625 |
Communication | 8.7 + 3.0 | 10.9 + 4.0 | .061 | 46.7 (7) | 26.7 (4) | .375 |
Gestures | 8.5 + 2.9 | 9.8 + 3.6 | .303 | 26.7 (4) | 33.3 (5) | > .999 |
Speech | ||||||
Sounds | 10.1 + 1.9 | 11.9 + 2.2 | .057 | 20.0 (3) | 0.0 (0) | .250 |
Words | 10.7 + 1.8 | 12.8 + 3.0 | .018* | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | > .999 |
Symbolic | ||||||
Understanding | 10.0 + 2.0 | 10.4 + 3.7 | .624 | 0.0 (0) | 13.3 (2) | .500 |
Object use | 8.4 + 3.2 | 10.9 + 2.6 | .010* | 53.3 (8) | 13.3 (2) | .031 |
Composite | ||||||
Social | 9.1 + 2.9 | 10.8 + 3.7 | .138 | 26.7 (4) | 20.0 (3) | > .999 |
Speech | 10.2 + 1.9 | 12.5 + 2.2 | .015* | 6.7 (1) | 0.0 (0) | > .999 |
Symbolic | 8.9 + 2.8 | 10.3 + 2.7 | .098 | 46.7 (7) | 20.0 (3) | .219 |
Total standard score | 93.2 + 13.4 | 108.3 + 16.9 | .008* | 26.7 (4) | 6.7 (1) | .250 |
CSBS-DP CQ (n = 16) | ||||||
Social | ||||||
Emotion and eye gaze | 10.8 + 3.1 | 11.6 + 3.4 | .455 | 25.0 (4) | 12.5 (2) | .500 |
Communication | 10.0 + 3.1 | 11.8 + 4.1 | .061 | 18.8 (3) | 12.5 (2) | > .999 |
Gestures | 9.9 + 3.4 | 14.4 + 4.8 | .002* | 18.8 (3) | 18.8 (3) | > .999 |
Speech | ||||||
Sounds | 9.8 + 3.0 | 14.1 + 4.0 | < .001* | 18.8 (3) | 6.3 (1) | .500 |
Words | 9.9 + 2.5 | 11.4 + 3.0 | .110 | 25.0 (4) | 6.3 (1) | .375 |
Symbolic | ||||||
Understanding | 8.8 + 3.7 | 11.6 + 5.1 | .022 | 31.3 (5) | 25.0 (4) | > .999 |
Object use | 8.7 + 2.9 | 9.3 + 2.2 | .333 | 37.5 (6) | 18.8 (3) | .375 |
Composite | ||||||
Social | 9.9 + 3.0 | 11.1 + 2.5 | .053 | 31.3 (5) | 6.3 (1) | .125 |
Speech | 9.9 + 2.8 | 11.8 + 3.0 | .045 | 18.8 (3) | 6.3 (1) | .500 |
Symbolic | 8.9 + 3.1 | 9.3 + 2.3 | .481 | 37.5 (6) | 25.0 (4) | .500 |
Total standard score | 95.1 + 14.7 | 102.1 + 12.8 | .017 | 31.3 (5) | 18.8 (3) | .500 |