Behavioural and psychological features of PTEN mutations: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder characteristics

Table 7 Summary of the neurodevelopment, behavioural and cognitive characteristics reported in the papers included in the review

	Author	ASD/autistic features	Unspecified social communication disorder	Intellectual disability/low IQ	Unspecified developmental delay	Communication and speech/language delays	Motor delays or difficulties	Attention impairment/ADHD/ADD	Working memory	Memory impairment	Executive dysfunction
Group A	Busch et al. (2013) [41]			•			•			•	•
	Vanderver et al. (2014) [48]	•			•		•
	Smpokou et al. (2014) [47]					•
	Frazier et al. (2015) [44]			•					•
	Balci et al. (2018) [39]	•		•		•	•	•		•
	Busa et al. (2015) [40]	•				•	•
	Yehia et al. (2020) [50]	•
	Busch et al. (2019) [42]	•		•		•	•	•	•		•
	Ciaccio et al. (2019) [43]	•		•	•
	Hansen-Kiss et al. (2017) [45]	•	•	•				•
	Lachlan et al. (2007) [9]			•			•
	Lynch et al. (2009) [46]	•				•	•
	Yehia et al. (2019) [49]	•		•	•
Group B	Orrico et al. (2009) [56]	•	•			•	•
	Varga et al. (2009) [58]	•			•	•
	McBride et al. (2010) [53]	•		•	•
	O’Roak et al. (2012) [55]	•		•
	Klein et al. (2013) [52]	•
	Saskin et al. (2017) [57]	•			•
	Kato et al. (2018) [51]	•			•	•	•
	Yeung et al. (2017) [60]				•
	Negishi et al. (2017) [54]				•
	Butler et al. (2005) [14]	•			•	•	•	•
	Buxbaum et al. (2007) [12]	•			•	•	•
	Wong et al. 2018 [59]	•		•	•

	Author	Reduced processing speed	Sensory dysfunction	Anxiety	Depression	Bipolar disorder	Obsessive compulsive disorder	Affective disorder	Aggression	ODD/disruptive behaviour disorder/problem behaviour	Psychotic episode	Poor adaptive functioning	Self-harm
Group A	Busch et al. (2013) [41]
	Vanderver et al. (2014) [48]
	Smpokou et al. (2014) [47]
	Frazier et al. (2015) [44]	•										•
	Balci et al. (2018) [39]	•		•		•	•				•		•
	Busa et al. (2015) [40]
	Yehia et al. (2020) [50]
	Busch et al. (2019) [42]	•	•							•		•
	Ciaccio et al. (2019) [43]
	Hansen-Kiss et al. (2017) [45]			•	•	•	•		•	•
	Lachlan et al. (2007) [9]
	Lynch et al. (2009) [46]
	Yehia et al. (2019) [49]
Group B	Orrico et al. (2009) [56]											•
	Varga et al. (2009) [58]
	McBride et al. (2010) [53]							•		•
	O’Roak et al. (2012) [55]
	Klein et al. (2013) [52]
	Saskin et al. (2017) [57]
	Kato et al. (2018) [51]
	Yeung et al. (2017) [60]
	Negishi et al. (2017) [54]
	Butler et al. (2005) [14]		•
	Buxbaum et al. (2007) [12]
	Wong et al. 2018 [59]

Note. • indicates the characteristic is noted to be present or reported at an elevated level

ISSN: 1866-1955