Fig. 4

Immunohistochemistry for contactin-3 (young age). Contactin-3 expression was analyzed in a resected cortical tuber sample from a 2-year-old patient and compared to the 2-year-old autopsy-derived control; A, B – expression in the layer II of cerebral cortex; C, D – expression in the layers III-IV; E, F – expression in the layers V-VI; overall, the observed immunoreactivity was reduced in cortical tubers. In contrast, single dysmorphic neurons (arrow in F) showed strong immunoreactivity; scale bar 100 μm