Temporal stability of parent-reported behavior problems in late talkers over 2 years: a prospective case-control study from toddlerhood to preschool age

Table 2 Cognitive and language scores in the TLD and LT groups

Scores	TLD	LT	p
Time 1 (age 2)
Cognition^a	109.52 (10.03)	105.16 (12.88)	.143
Receptive^b	0.54 (0.58)	−0.06 (0.59)	< .001
Expressive^b	−0.09 (0.45)	−1.35 (0.38)	< .001
Time 2 (age 4)
Cognition^c	102.06 (9.61)	98.71 (8.51)	.131
Receptive^d	0.56 (0.39)	−0.72 (0.89)	.001
Expressive^d	−0.22 (0.41)	−1.48 (0.74)	.001

TLD typical language development group (n = 31); LT, late-talking group (n = 31). Data are presented as mean (SD). p, derived from ANOVA. ^aBayley-III Cognitive Scale Score (100 ± 16). ^bBayley-III Language Scale (z scores). ^cWPPSI-IV (Mandarin-Chinese version): index of nonverbal cognition (100 ± 15). ^dCLDS-R (z scores)

ISSN: 1866-1955