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Table 4 Presence of behavioral problems changed from time 1 (age 2) to time 2 (age 4) in the TLD and LT groups

From: Temporal stability of parent-reported behavior problems in late talkers over 2 years: a prospective case-control study from toddlerhood to preschool age

 

Presence at time 1

Presence at time 2

Presence at time 1 and time 2

Only presence at time 1

pa

TLD

LT

pa

TLD

LT

pa

TLD

LT

TLD

LT

Total problems

4

11

.037*

5

13

.024*

0

10

4

1

.004*

Internalizing problems

4

9

.106

8

14

.092+

3

7

1

2

.706

Externalizing problems

2

4

.336

2

3

.500

0

2

2

2

.400

 Emotionally reactive

1

6

.052+

4

8

.335

0

3

1

3

.571

 Anxious/depressed

0

3

.119

2

6

.255

0

1

0

2

1.000

 Somatic complaints

1

3

.306

5

6

1.000

0

1

1

2

.750

 Withdrawn

0

4

.056+

1

8

.013+

0

2

0

2

1.000

 Attention

1

3

.306

1

0

1.000

0

0

1

3

1.000

 Aggression

1

3

.306

2

1

1.000

0

1

1

2

.750

 Sleep problems

3

5

.354

2

3

1.000

0

0

3

5

1.000

  1. TLD, typical language development group (n = 31); LT, late-talking group (n = 31). Data were presented as n. p derived from Fisher’s exact test. aBased on Bonferroni-corrected α level, *significant, +borderline significant