| DSRD (n= 72) | DS (n= 1217) | p value | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
 Male  Female | 35 (49%) 37 (51%) | 578 (47.5%) 638 (52.5%) | 0.85 | 0.80–1.31 |
Race | ||||
 Caucasian  Asian  Black | 55 (76%) 10 (14%) 7 (10%) | 1058 (87%) 109 (9%) 49 (4%) | 0.06 0.15 0.22 | 0.77–1.01 0.85–2.83 0.13–5.14 |
Hispanic ethnicity | 51 (71%) | 370 (35%) | < 0.001 | 1.96–2.76 |
Medical history | ||||
 Obstructive sleep apnea (n= 70)  Congenital heart disease  Autoimmune disease (any)  Thyroid disease | 35 (50%) 38 (53%) 33 (46%) 25 (34%) | 523 (43%) 548 (45%) 426 (35%) 182 (15%) | 0.22 0.12 0.02 < 0.001 | 0.91–1.48 0.96–1.51 1.04–1.75 1.64–3.27 |
Age at onset (median, IQR) | 14 (12–17) | 11 (7–15)a | < 0.001 | 1.05–3.55 |
Preceding trigger  Infectionb  Change in school/work/home environment  Loss of family/caregiver/friend  Change in residence  Abuse  Death in immediate social network  Medical change | 37 (51%) 16 (43%) 10 (27%) 4 (10%) 2 (5%) 2 (5%) 2 (5%) 1 (3%) |  | ||
Months to symptom peak (median, IQR) | 3 (1–6) |  | ||
Clinical symptoms | ||||
 Social withdrawal  Loss of acquired skills  New autistic features  Diminished eye contact  Apathy (n = 70)  Impaired attention  Anxiety  Mutism/expressive language regression  Insomnia  Anorexia  Whispered speech  Confusion/disorganization  Memory impairment  Catatonia  Freezing/bradykinesia  Abulia/avolition (n = 71)  Emotional lability (n = 61)  Stereotypy  Urinary retention  Incontinence (urine/feces)  Inappropriate/mirthless laughter (n = 65)  Circadian rhythm alteration  New obsessive-compulsive tendencies  Tics (n = 69)  Aggression/agitation (n = 71)  Hyperactivity  Autonomic dysfunction (n = 58)  Persistent focal neurologic deficits  Seizure (n = 71)  Transient neurologic deficits/TIA | 72 (100%) 72 (100%) 72 (100%) 69 (96%) 66 (94%) 64 (89%) 62 (86%) 59 (82%) 58 (81%) 56 (78%) 56 (78%) 55 (76%) 55 (76%) 55 (76%) 52 (72%) 46 (65%) 37 (61%) 38 (53%) 38 (53%) 36 (50%) 34 (52%) 26 (36%) 24 (33%) 19 (28%) 19 (27%) 11 (15%) 8 (13%) 3 (4%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) |  |