Study | DSRD results abnormal (n, %) | DS results abnormal (n/N, %) | p value | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serum analysis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ANA | 9 (13%) | 21/422 (5%) | 0.01 | 1.20–5.26 |
 Anti-DNAseB | 0 (0%) | 1/125 (1%) | 0.70 | 0.11–27.95 |
 ASO (n = 58) | 0 (0%) | 6/204 (3%) | 0.47 | 0.05–3.87 |
 B12 level | 7 (12%) | 64/1125 (6%) | 0.17 | 0.79–4.05 |
 Celiac panel | 2 (3%) | 24/506 (5%) | 0.46 | 0.13–2.48 |
 Complete metabolic profile | 5 (7%) | 88/1256 (7%) | 0.98 | 0.39–2.52 |
 CRP (n = 62) | 0 (0%) | 15/433 (3%) | 0.36 | 0.05–2.98 |
 dsDNA (n = 61) | 6 (10%) | 3/108 (3%) | 0.11 | 0.77–13.12 |
 ESR (n = 66) | 0 (0%) | 16/612 (3%) | 0.53 | 0.07–3.96 |
 Infectious screena | 12 (18%) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
 Neopterin (n = 42) | 0 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | n/a | n/a |
 Methylmalonic acid (n = 61) | 9 (21%) | 14/203 (7%) | 0.15 | 0.79–4.67 |
 Neurometabolic studies* (n = 32) | 1 (2%) | 3/188 (2%) | 0.90 | 0.09–8.49 |
 Thyroid dysfunction (untreated) | 2 (4%) | 160/842 (19%) | 0.01 | 0.04–0.58 |
 TPO antibodies (n = 43) | 25 (37%) | 110/478 (23%) | 0.02 | 1.06–2.16 |
 Thyroglobulin antibodies (n = 42) | 20 (30%) | 107/465 (23%) | 0.37 | 0.80–1.82 |
 Vitamin D (median, IQR) | 26.5 (15–34) | 39 (32–47) | < 0.001 | 10.57–16.9 |
 Cytokine analysis (n = 50)   TNF-alpha   IL-2   sIL-2 receptor   IL12   Interferon gamma   IL-4   IL-5   IL-10   IL-13   IL-17   IL-1beta   IL-6  IL-8 | 20 (40%) 1 (5%) 0 (0%) 13 (62%) 0 (0%) 1 (5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 5 (24%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (5%) 0 (0%) | 3/24 (13%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (4%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) | 0.02 | 1.23–17.74 |
Neurodiagnostic studies (DSRD only) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 EEG abnormalities |  | 19 (26%) |  |  |
  Epileptiform discharges in frontal/temporal lobes |  | 11 (58%) |  |  |
  Diffuse slowing (non-focal) |  | 6 (32%) |  |  |
  Focal slowing |  | 2 (11%) |  |  |
 Neuroimaging abnormalities |  | 16 (22%) |  |  |
  Punctuate T2 hyperintensities (gray/white junction) |  | 13 (81%) |  |  |
  Basal ganglia calcifications |  | 2 (13%) |  |  |
  T2 signal prolongation in the temporal lobes |  | 1 (9%) |  |  |
  Both T2 hyperintensities and calcifications |  | 1 (9%) |  |  |
  Contrast enhancing lesions |  | 0 (0%) |  |  |
 CSF abnormalities (n, %, median if abnormal) |  | 9 (17%) |  |  |
  WBC |  | 5 (7%, 6) |  |  |
  RBC |  | 0 |  |  |
  Glucose |  | 0 |  |  |
  Protein |  | 9 (13%, 68) |  |  |
  Oligoclonal bands (n = 60) |  | 2 (3%, 2) |  |  |
  IgG index (n = 60) |  | 7 (10%, 0.70) |  |  |
  Mayo autoimmune encephalitis panel (n = 59) |  | 0 |  |  |
  Neopterin (n = 43) |  | 6 (8%, 45) |  |  |
 Any abnormal neurodiagnostic study? |  | 29 (40%) |  |  |
  > 2 abnormal studies |  | 12 (17%) |  |  |