Longitudinal neurobehavioral profiles in children and young adults with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and reliable methods for assessing neurobehavioral change

Table 4 Standard regression-based change score norms for the chosen models

Measure	Adj. R²	SE_est	C	β_baseline	β_age	β_ID	df
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales – 5^th Edition^a
Full-scale IQ	0.8644	9.938	4.255	0.929	–	–	33
Verbal IQ	0.8649	9.665	5.287	0.921	–	–	35
Nonverbal IQ	0.8683	9.922	4.941	0.918	–	–	33
Working memory	0.8540	10.03	1.522	0.951	–	–	33
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test^a	0.9163	10.18	3.351	0.899	0.574	− 13.371	27
Expressive Vocabulary Test^a	0.9431	7.152	4.144	0.967	–	–	35
Visual-Motor Integration^a	0.8001	9.541	5.638	0.937	–	–	34
Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition^b	0.7323	8.176	7.854	0.882	–	–	33
CBCL
Externalizing	0.6701	7.160	10.268	0.798	–	–	39
Internalizing	0.6793	6.456	7.993	0.872	–	–	39
Total score	0.7830	5.872	6.303	0.891	–	–	39
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale – Second Edition^a
Communication	0.8353	10.23	9.315	0.898	–	–	32
Daily living skills	0.709	11.66	20.916	0.749	–	–	32
Adaptive behavior composite	0.7672	9.618	19.141	0.759	–	–	27
Socialization	0.7803	11.84	44.082	0.609	-0.858	-14.359	38

Results are only reported for cognitive measures with models that were well-fit, based on visual assessment of residuals, and with test–retest reliabilities above .50. Numbers in parentheses after equations with modifiers represent the percent of variance accounted for by the cognitive measure alone
Adj. R² amount of variance explained by the model adjusted for number of coefficients, SE_est standard error of the estimate, C constant; B_baseline unstandardized beta (slope) for baseline test score, B_age slope for age at baseline testing, B_ID slope for intellectual disability
^aStandard scores
^bT-scores

ISSN: 1866-1955