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Table 2 Psychiatric diagnostic rates in the XYY syndrome

From: Deep phenotypic analysis of psychiatric features in genetically defined cohorts: application to XYY syndrome

Diagnostic category

Diagnoses in full sample [count (%)]

DSM-5 diagnoses by time of xyy diagnosis [n (%)]

Test for statistically-significant difference

 

DSM-5 by K-SADS

     
 

Ever met strict criteria

Ever met screening criteria

Prenatal (n = 25)

Postnatal (n = 39)

X^2

p

Neurodevelopmental disorders

    Autism spectrum disorder

9 (14)

9 (14)

2 (8)

7 (18)

0.56

0.45

    Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

43 (67)

50 (78)

17 (68)

26 (67)

0

1

    Tic disorder

10 (15)

14 (22)

1 (4)

9 (23)

2.88

0.09

    Obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorder

2 (3)

5 (8)

-

2 (5)

0.17

0.68

    Any of the above

50 (78)

58 (91)

18 (72)

32 (82)

0.41

0.52

Elimination disorders

    Enuresis

20 (30)

20 (30)

9 (36)

11 (28)

0.14

0.71

    Encopresis

4 (< 1)

4 (< 1)

1 (4)

3 (8)

0.004

0.94

    Any of the above

21 (32)

21 (32)

9 (36)

12 (31)

0.03

0.87

Mood disorders

    Bipolar disorder

-

3 (5)

-

-

NA

NA

    Depressive disorder

5 (8)

12 (19)

3 (12)

2 (5)

0.27

0.6

    Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

6 (9)

9 (14)

2 (8)

4 (10)

0

1

    Any of the above

10 (16)

20 (31)

5 (20)

5 (13)

0.18

0.68

    Anxiety disorders

6 (9)

19 (30)

1 (4)

5 (13)

0.56

0.46

Trauma- and stress-related disorders

    Reactive attachment disorder

-

-

-

-

NA

NA

    Posttraumatic stress disorder

1 (2)

1 (2)

-

1 (3)

0

1

    Any of the above

1 (2)

1 (2)

-

1

0

1

Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders

    Oppositional defiant disorder

4 (6)

10 (16)

-

4 (10)

1.26

0.26

    Conduct disorder

-

4 (6)

-

-

NA

NA

    Intermittent explosive disorder

1 (2)

2 (2)

-

1 (3)

0

1

    Any of the above

5 (8)

16 (25)

-

5 (13)

1.92

0.16

Substance-related disorders

-

1 (2)

-

-

NA

NA

Any of the above disorders

56 (88)

62 (97)

21 (84)

35 (90)

0.08

0.77

  1. Diagnostic rates based on the K-SADS (and ADI/ADOS for ASD) are provided using strict and screening criteria (where screening criteria refer to the endorsement of at least one K-SADS screening question). We also show diagnostic rates stratified by the time of XYY diagnosis and tests for the statistical significance of differences in diagnostic rates between pre- and postnatally diagnosed subgroups