Table 3 Means (SDs), marginal mean (SEs) and effect sizes (η^2p) on experimental tasks testing the semantic hypothesis

Homogenous Condition

2.44 (0.70)

3.33 (0.92)

2.89 (0.14)

Group η^2p = 0.27; Condition η^2p = 0.15;

Heterogeneous Condition

2.11 (0.78)

3.06 (1.01)

2.58 (0.15)

Interaction η^2p = 0.00

Group Marginal Mean (SE)

2.28 (0.18)

3.19 (0.18)

Homogenous Condition

0.56 (0.16)

0.68 (0.20)

0.62 (0.03)

Group η^2p = 0.16; Condition η^2p = 0.59;

Heterogeneous Condition

0.41 (0.12)

0.54 (0.18)

0.48 (0.03)

Interaction η^2p = 0.00

Group Marginal Mean (SE)

0.48 (0.04)

0.61 (0.04)

Semantic Proactive Interference Task

List 1 Proportion Correct

0.27 (0.21)

0.53 (0.39)

0.40 (0.06)

Group η^2p = 0.08; List η^2p = 0.04;

List 2 Proportion Correct

0.30 (0.19)

0.43 (0.33)

0.36 (0.05)

Interaction η^2p = 0.05

List 3 Proportion Correct

0.30 (0.23)

0.41 (0.37)

0.36 (0.06)

Release Proportion Correct

0.35 (0.30)

0.48 (0.40)

0.42 (0.07)

Group Marginal Mean (SE)

0.31 (0.07)

0.47 (0.07)

Total Errors (raw number)

11.15 (7.25)

9.31 (7.89)

Proportion Within Category^b

0.47 (0.20)

0.46 (0.29)

0.46 (0.05)

Group η^2p = 0.05; Error type η^2p = 0.30;

Proportion Across Category^b

0.18 (0.17)

0.16 (0.20)

0.17 (0.04)

Interaction η^2p = 0.00

Proportion Anomalous^b

0.22 (0.19)

0.18 (0.21)

0.20 (0.04)

Group Marginal Mean (SE)

0.29 (0.02)

0.27 (0.02)