Fig. 1

Co-expression of activated Smad2 and Dlx2 in the developing basal ganglia. A–D, Double-labeling immunofluorescence analysis of the expression of phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) (A) and Dlx2 (B) in coronal hemisections of E12.5 forebrain at caudal telencephalic level. C, Merged pSmad2 and Dlx2 staining: overlapping expression (yellow color) is visible in many cells in the CGE (large rectangle). D, High-magnification view of the area enclosed by the small rectangle in (C): arrowheads point to cells co-expressing pSmad2 and Dlx2 in the neocortex. E–K, Expression of pSmad2 (E, H and I) and Dlx2 (F and J) in coronal hemisections of E16.5 telencephalon at rostral (E–G) or mid-telencephalic (H–K) positions. Merged staining is shown in (G and K). I–K, High-magnification views of the boxed area in (H). Overlapping expression of pSmad2 and Dlx2 was detected in the LGE and MGE, as well as in migrating GABAergic neurons in the neocortex (arrowheads in panel K). CGE, caudal ganglionic eminence; Cx, neocortex; IZ, intermediate zone; LGE, lateral ganglionic eminence; LV, lateral ventricle; MGE, medial ganglionic eminence; Se, septum