Differences in age-related effects on brain volume in Down syndrome as compared to Williams syndrome and typical development

Table 4 Relationship between Volume and Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) sum of cognitive scores (SCS) and sum of social scores (SOS) or APOE in brain regions showing a correlation with age in Down syndrome participants

Region of interest	DLD-SCS			DLD-SOS			*APOE*
Region of interest	t	P-value	Difference in R²	t	P-value	Difference in R²	t	P-value	Difference in R²
LILV	2.37	0.042	0.21	4.72	0.001	0.38	2.61	0.026	0.22
RILV	2.56	0.031	0.25	4.01	0.003	0.38	2.47	0.033	0.22
Left superior parietal	-1.32	0.219	0.06	0.41	0.693	0.01	-1.06	0.315	0.04
Left pars orbitalis	-1.66	0.131	0.08	-1.32	0.220	0.06	-1.23	0.247	0.10
Left inferior parietal	-1.21	0.256	0.07	-1.59	0.146	0.10	-1.87	0.091	0.06
Right post central gyrus	-0.54	0.604	0.01	-1.11	0.294	0.05	0.05	0.961	0.00
Left ventricle	0.57	0.582	0.01	2.06	0.069	0.13	1.45	0.178	0.07
Right ventricle	0.91	0.386	0.03	2.59	0.029	0.15	1.78	0.105	0.08

Italicized P-values indicate nominal association at uncorrected P < .05. The Difference in R² values indicates the difference in the variability in the region of interest (ROI) volume explained by the full model that included the predictor of interest (DLD-SCS, DLD-SOS, or APOE), compared to that explained by the reduced model with only age and sex as predictors.

ISSN: 1866-1955